live of my life

The Ark Of Covenant

2011-09-20T21:43:00.005+07:00

The Origin of Numbers : Why 1 is One and 2 is Two

2011-03-19T11:06:00.004+07:00

From : zenverse.net

The numbers we write are made up of algorithms, (1, 2, 3, 4, etc) called arabic algorithms, to distinguish them from roman algorithms (I, II, III, IV, etc)

The Arabs popularise these algorithms, but their origin goes back to the phenecian merchant that used them to count and do their commercial contability.

Have you ever asked why 1 is “one” and 2 is “two”? What is the logic that exist in the arabic algorithms?

[B]Latihan Mata yang Bisa Pertajam Otak[B]

2011-01-22T12:07:00.002+07:00

Merry Wahyuningsih - detikHealth

Jakarta, Latihan mata tak hanya bisa memperkuat otot-otot sekitar mata dan meningkatkan penglihatan, tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan ketajaman otak. Bagaimana caranya?

Selain bermanfaat untuk kemampuan penglihatan, latihan mata dapat pula meningkatkan konsentrasi, memori dan fokus.

Dilansir Livestrong, Sabtu (22/1/2011), berikut beberapa cara latihan otak yang dapat mempertajam otak:

[B]1. Latihan untuk fokus[B]
Untuk melatih pikiran fokus dan perhatian, mintalah bantuan seseorang untuk memegang dua benda kecil dengan warna berbeda, misalnya pensil warna, bola-bola kecil dari benang, koin atau benda semacam itu, di depan atau disamping bahunya.

Kemudian Anda cobalah untuk fokus hanya pada satu objek untuk beberapa detik, lalu pindahkan fokus pada objek kedua. Variasikan urutan fokus dan waktu yang dihabiskan untuk melihat objek yang berbeda.

[B]2. Latihan pelacakan[B]
Pelacakan tidak hanya melatih otot mata, tetapi juga membantu otak mengantisipasi dan mengikuti jalan benda yang bergerak. Lakukan ini latihan sendiri atau dengan pasangan.

Tahan objek seperti pensil di tangan dan perlahan bergerak menjauhi Anda. Fokus pada akhir pensil, kemudian pindahkan pensil dalam pola, seperti wiper kaca depan mobil, kemudian beralih ke pola lingkaran, searah jarum jam dan kemudian berlawanan.

Latihan ini membantu mempertahankan fokus dan perhatian pada objek bergerak dan sering digunakan sebagai pengobatan untuk gangguan perhatian.

[B]3. Latihan untuk memori[B]
Mainkan permainan memori dengan menggunakan kartu atau benda semacamnya ditempatkan menghadap ke bawah. Putar lebih dari dua kartu sekaligus untuk mencocokkan kartu identik sehingga dapat meningkatkan memori.

Anda juga dapat meningkatkan memori dengan latihan mata bergoyang, menurut riset yang dikutip dalam The Sunday Times. Latihan ini dapat meningkatkan interaksi antara belahan otak kanan dan otak kiri.

Caranya, di pagi hari cobalah alihkan fokus bolak-balik antara dua benda diam selama 30 detik. Misalnya, geser pandangan dari satu sisi layar komputer ke yang lain atau dari satu sisi tempat tidur ke yang lain.

[B]4. Video game[B]
Menurut National Geographic, video game yang mengharuskan melacak objek ketika menggunakan mouse atau tombol untuk mencapai tujuan selama bermain game dapat meningkatkan koordinasi antara tangan dan mata. Permainan semacam itu juga dapat membantu persepsi kedalaman dan kemampuan untuk berpikir dan memecahkan masalah pada saat yang sama.

(mer/ir)

HAND SHADOW

2010-05-26T13:10:00.008+07:00

TURTLE SHADOW

SHADOW

RABBIT SHADOW

PIG SHADOW

HUMAN SHADOW

HUMAN HEAD

ELEPHANT SHADOW

DOG SHADOW

CAMEL SHADOW

BULL SHADOW

BIG DOG SHADOW

BIRD SHADOW

HAND SHADOW

2010-05-26T13:10:00.000+07:00

Islam and Muslims in America before Columbus By : Salih YUCEL

2010-05-21T11:07:00.011+07:00

Historical facts concerning many established information on diverse fields continue to be unraveled to the astonishment of us all. One of these facts, previously little-known by many, is that Muslims had actually set foot on American soil centuries before Columbus’ illustrious expedition. We hope as you read ahead in this essay that some information and documents, excerpts from various sources, and the results of archeological excavations will demonstrate the truth of the aforementioned proposition.

Did the Companions of the Prophet go to America?
Research conducted in the West during the twentieth century has proven the existence of Muslims on the American mainland approximately seven centuries before Christopher Columbus. Similarly, archeological excavations, linguistic, and philological analyses of languages and settlement names in the region, the fact that coins, household tools and other utensils were discovered there that were similar to those of the Abbasids in the eighth and ninth centuries are all justifications of the theory that Muslims, beginning from 650 CE, made their way to the continent for settlement, during which time they erected mosques and schools, leaving a prolonged impact on the natives, i.e. American Indians.
The Islamic sources carry no information as regards Muslim settlement in America, although research undertaken by Professor Barry Fell of Harvard University confirms that Muslims reached the continent at the time of Uthman, the third Caliph, concomitantly indicating the significant possibility that some of the Companions could have arrived there as well.
Many Western researchers acknowledge the famous map of Piri Reis as proof of Muslim presence in America long before the endeavors of Columbus, as it minutely comprises the map of America, as well as extremely accurate measurements of the distance between America and Africa.
According to Salvatore Michael Trento, former director of the Center for Archeological Research in Middletown, New York, before embarking on his first voyage to America, Columbus had read the book of Roger Bacon of Oxford University, which comprised information, compiled from a variety of Arabic resources, about geographical regions on the other side of the Atlantic; hence Columbus’ previous knowledge of the islands in the Atlantic Ocean and other places.1

Proofs in Western sources
1. Professor Barry Fell, retired lecturer from Harvard University and also a member of the American Academy of Science and Arts, the Royal Society, the Epigraphy Society and the Society of Scientific and Archeological Discoveries, is adamant about the arrival of Islam in America in the 650s,2 predicating this argument upon the Cufic calligraphy belonging to that era found in various diggings across America. If the words of Professor Fell have truth-value, then the Muslims had arrived in America during the era of Uthman, or at least that of Ali, the fourth caliph. Such information, however, is not found in Muslim sources.
Professor Fell again uses the results of various archeological diggings undertaken across many regions in the states of Colorado, New Mexico, and Indiana to assert the construction of Muslim schools during 700-800 CE. Writings, drawings, and charts inscribed on rocks discovered in the most remote and untainted terrains of Western America are relics bestowed by the elementary and intermediate systems of Muslim education at the time. These documents were written in the old Cufic letters of North African Arabic, covering subjects such as reading, writing, arithmetic, religion, history, geography, mathematics, astronomy, and navigation. The descendants of these settlers are thought to be the current native tribes of Iroquois, Algonquin, Anasazi, Hohokam, and Olmec.

2. The second evidence offered by Professor Fell is that the inscription of “In the Name of God” (picture 1), found on a rock during archeological work in Nevada, belongs to the seventh century, when the haraka sign system had not yet been developed. Likewise, the stone bearing the inscription “Muhammad is the Prophet of God” (picture 2) is pertinent to the same era. As seen by comparison of the two pictures, the inscriptions are not in the style of Modern Arabic; conversely they are in a Cufic style relevant to the seventh century.3

The Arabs, according to the findings of Professor Fell, settled in Nevada during the seventh and eighth centuries. The earlier existence of a school, which taught Islam and science, particularly navigation, has come to light following the archeological investigation undertaken by Professors Heizer and Baumhoff of California University around site WA 25 in Nevada. The excavations in Nevada have uncovered writings in Naskhi Arabic and Cufic style that are inscribed on rocks which carry information about this school (picture 3). The application of the mathematical formula “five diamonds equal an alif” (alif is the first letter of Arabic alphabet) may be seen in this picture (pictures 3b and 3c). The Arabic letters in pictures 3b and 3c, found amid excavations in Nevada, are in exactly the same style as North African Arabic. Again similarly, another rock was found in Nevada bearing the name “God”, the style of which is yet again reminiscent of the prevalent technique of seventh and eighth-century North Africa. The calligraphical similarities between various writing styles of the Prophet’s name over diverse periods, particularly those relating to Africa and America, found during archeological investigations are striking indeed. Figure A of picture 4 was found in al-Ain Lahag, Morocco and figure B in East Walker River; both are currently at the University of California. Figure C was discovered in Nevada and figures C and D were located in Churchill County and are also currently preserved at the University of California; likewise figure F was discovered in al-Haji Minoun, Morocco, while figure G, inscribed on ceramic, was revealed in al-Suk, Tripoli, Libya and figure H, at the University of California, was discovered at Cottonwood Canyon, while finally figure I was located on the border of Morocco and Libya. All these inscriptions belong to the eighth and ninth centuries, clearly illustrating the resemblance in style between North America and North Africa, as well as overtly suggesting a migration that occurred from Africa to America.

3. In the twelfth century the Athapcan Tribe, comprised of native Apaches and Navajos, raided the area inhabited by the Arabs, who either ended up fleeing or were exiled toward the South. These illiterate natives were spellbound by the schools founded by the Arabs, and, perhaps with the assistance of captives, attempted to imitate the same subjects, transforming the geometrical shapes into mythical beasts, which carried on for centuries.

4. Picture 5 is the Cufic writing found in 1951 in the White Mountains, close to the town of Benton on the border of Nevada. The words Shaytan maha mayan, i.e. the Devil is the source of all lies, have been written in a Cufic style peculiar to the seventh century.

5. Once more, a rock inscription belonging to post-650 CE, bearing the Cufic letters H-M-I-D of the word Hamid (picture 6), is another Arabic script discovered on the Atlata rocks in the Valley of Fire in Nevada.

6. While traveling from Malden to Cambridge in the state of Massachusetts in 1787 (on what is now RT. 16), the Reverend Thaddeus Mason Harris noticed some coins discovered by workers during road construction. The workers, not putting much value on these coins, presented him with a handful. Consequently, Harris decided to send these coins to the library of Harvard College for examination (picture 7). The study yielded that these were in fact Samarqand dirhams from the eighth and ninth centuries. As can be seen in the picture, the coins manifestly display the inscriptions La ilaha ill-Allah Muhammadun Rasulullah (There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is His Messenger) and Bismillah (in the name of God).

7. Picture 8 shows a piece of rock discovered in a cave in the region of Corinto in El Salvador, bearing the inscription Malaka Haji mi Malaya; this has been identified as belonging to the thirteenth century, suggesting a possible arrival of Muslims in South America, perhaps coming from somewhere near Indonesia.

8. During his second voyage, Columbus was told by the natives of Espanola (Haiti) of black men who had appeared on the island before him and they showed him the lances that had been left there by these Africans to support their assertions. The tips of the lances were of a metal, an alloy of gold, which they called guanin, a word which is semantically remarkably similar to the Arabic word ghina, meaning richness. Columbus had in fact brought some of this guanin back to Spain, recording that it was composed of 56.25% gold, 18.75% silver and 25% copper, ratios that were prevalent in African Guinea as standards for the processing of metals.

9. On his third voyage to the New World, Columbus visited Trinidad, where the sailors noticed the symmetrically patterned cotton and colorful handkerchiefs of the natives. Afterward, Columbus realized that the handkerchiefs, which the natives called almayzar, were all much the same in color, style, and use as the headscarves and waist bands used in Guinea. The word almayzar is Arabic, and denotes a cover, tie, apron, or skirt, and is a component of the regional costumes of the Moors, Arabs and, Berbers of North Africa, who had conquered Spain in the eighth century. Columbus observed that the local women wore cotton garments and wrote in astonishment that they had learned of the concept namus, i.e. chastity. In much the same vein, Hernan Cortes, another Spanish explorer, later recorded that the clothing of local women consisted of long veils and skirts decorated with ornaments that were similar to those of the Moors. Ferdinand, Columbus’ son, was also quick to notice the resemblance between the cotton dresses of the natives and the ornamented shawls fashioned by Moorish women in Granada. The cradles used by the natives, furthermore, very closely resembled those of North Africa.

10. Columbus recorded on 21 October 1492 that he had noticed a mosque on top of a mountain while sailing around Cibara on the northeast coast of Cuba. Relics of mosques carrying Qur’anic inscriptions on their minarets have been found in Cuba, Mexico, Texas, and Nevada since these times.

11. Leo Weiner, a well-known Harvard historian and linguist, stated in his book The Discovery of Africa and America, written in 1920, that Columbus was aware of the existence of Mandinka, an ethnic group of West Africa, in the New World. The same book also affirms that Columbus was aware that West African Muslims were living across North America, including the south, middle regions and Canada, as well as in the Caribbean, and that they had marital and commercial ties with the native tribes of Iroque and Algonquin.

12. A preponderance of the voyages embarked upon by Columbus and other Spanish and Portuguese explorers toward the other side of the Atlantic were undertaken only in the light of the geographical and navigational knowledge prepared by Muslims. Al-Masudi’s (871-957 CE) work Muruj’uz-Zahab, for instance, was written with this sort of data compiled by Muslim traders from across Africa and Asia. Two of Columbus’ captains on the first voyage, in actual fact, were Muslims: Martin Alonso Pinzon was in charge of the Pinta, while his brother Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the designated captain of Nina; both were from the Moroccan Marinid dynasty, descendants of Sultan Abu Zayan Muhammad III (r. 1362-1366). Formerly well-to-do ship riggers, they assisted Columbus in organizing his voyage of exploration, preparing the Santa Maria, the flagship, and covering all its expenses.

13. Christopher Columbus has recorded the custom of nose piercing, which used to be and still popular in the Middle Eastern and Arab countries, as being prevalent in some islands across the Atlantic also mentions the writing of letters in Arabic.

14. In the account of sixteenth century missionaries in America, the local copper mines, found particularly in Virginia, Tennessee, and Wisconsin were not operated by the natives, but instead by people from the Middle East, towards whom the natives nurtured a profound sympathy.

15. A sum of 565 names, 484 in America and 81 in Canada, of villages, towns, cities, mountains, lakes, rivers and etcetera, are etymologically Arabic, designated by locals long before the arrival of Columbus. Many of these names are in fact the same as names of Islamic places; Mecca in Indiana, Medina in Idaho, Medina in New York, Medina and Hazen in North Dakota, Medina in Ohio, Medina in Tennessee, Medina in Texas, Medina and Arva in Ontario, Mahomet in Illinois and Mona in Utah, are just a few noticeable names at the outset. A closer analysis of the names of native tribes will immediately reveal their Arabic etymological ancestry; Anasazi, Apache, Arawak, Arikana, Chavin, Cherokee, Cree, Hohokam, Hupa, Hopi, Makkah, Mohician, Mohawk, Nazca, Zulu, and Zuni are only a few.
House and building Structures
Archeological excavations conducted throughout North America and North Africa reveal a corresponding architectural resemblance between ninth century buildings. The structure of a Berber house of the Atlas Mountains, Morocco (picture 9), for instance, is exactly the same as that of a house in New Mexico (picture 10). The same similarity can be traced between the Castle of Montezuma discovered in Arizona and the remnants found in Mesa Verde in Colorado and the general structure of Berber buildings (picture 11-12).

The research undertaken by Professor Cyrus Thomas of the Smithsonian Institute shows that a small cabin built from piles of rock found in Ellenville, New York is virtually the same as the cabin, again of rock, found around Aqabah, Southern Arabia, both of which are thought to have been built around the start of the eighth century (picture 13).

Arabic words prevalent among natives prior to the arrival of Eu ropeans
The pervasiveness of many Islamic words across the continent prior to European influx is verified by the following terms discovered in the regions currently known as New England and Nova Scotia, in America and Canada respectively. Fell pointed to some words as example of Arabic influence on Native Americans. All of the words listed below are derived from the Arabic language. However, time had eroded their original meanings and most are not used in Arabic today.

The last Muslim stronghold in Spain, Granada, fell just before the Spanish Inquisition was established in 1492. Non-Christians were forced to either convert to Catholicism to save themselves from the tyranny of the Inquisition or were exiled from the country. Documents exist which prove the existence of immigrant Muslims in Spanish America before 1550. In 1539 an edict from Spanish King Charles V was put into practice which forbade the immigration of Muslims to settlements in the West. This edict was later expanded to expel all Muslims from overseas Spanish colonies in 1543. The existence of Muslims in overseas islands and regions was known along with the fact that the Spanish king issued such an edict. Again, in many Islamic sources, it is noted that Muslims living in Spain and North Africa made overseas voyages during the Andalusia period. Scientific research on this subject will bring out many documents into the daylight, documents which have escaped the notice of both Muslims in America and those throughout the world, which will perhaps serve, in the future if not immediately, as a starting point for a re-evaluation of the history of America.

Notes
1. Trento, Salvatore Michael. The Search for Lost America, p.15 Penguin Books, New York: 1978.
2. Fell, Dr. Barry. Saga America, p. 190, Time Books, New York: 1980.
3. ibid. p. xiv.
4. ibid. pp. 332-333.
5. ibid. pp. 333-334.
6 ibid. p. 182.
7. ibid. p. 243.
8. ibid. p. 26.
6. ibid. p. 276.
7. Teacher, John Boyd. Christopher Columbus, p. 380, New York: 1950.
8. Columbus, Ferdinand. The Life of Admiral Christopher Columbus, p. 232 Rutgers Uni. Press, 1959.
9. Obregon, Mauricio. The Columbus Papers, The Barcelona Letter of 1493.
10. The Landfall Controversy, and the Indian Guides, McMillan Co., New York: 1991.
11. Weiner, Dr. Leo. Africa and the Discovery of America, Vol.2 p. 365-366 Philadelphia: 1920.
12. Obregon, 1493.
13. Trento, 1978, p. 23.
14. ibid. p. 29.
15. ibid. p. 65.
16. Fell, 1980. 250-252.
17. Trento, 1978, p. 15.
18. Fell, 1980. p. 400-403.

Islam in America before Columbus By : Hisham Zoubeir, 14 February 1998

2010-05-21T11:01:00.003+07:00

Before I begin this article, I would like to extend my thanks to the creators of the Internet. It was there that I found my research on the topic that follows, and it is to the people who wrote the various articles and references that credit for this article should go to. I merely put two and two together for the benefit of those reading this now.

The history surrounding the followers of our proud faith is one of two shades; the truth and the lie. The lies surrounding our history have been spread to every corner of the globe; that we were and are (?) barbarians, no better than animals. The truth is that although there were certain parts of history that do show that some of our followers were ruthless and brutal (such as the Ottoman Empire), this is not unlike every nation and country in the world. And we have a much more worthy things to focus on.

Before the West declared themselves the great scientists of the earth, before their own Renaissance, Muslims already were making discoveries in science that took the West hundreds of years to even begin to imagine. What a shame that people in Europe were being persecuted by the Church for their suppositions that the earth was round; they should have come to the Islamic world--- an Afghan Muslim had proved that in 793 C.E.!

However, the studying of the universe brought forth more questions, and more curiosity. The Muslims in West Africa were so intrigued by what was on the other side of the Great Sea, that they began their expeditions into the great unknown. Early reports of these travels are sketchy, but we can be sure that they crossed the Atlantic by 889 C.E.

That was 603 years before Columbus. And that is not counting the actual physical evidence in the United States today that dates back even further; however, we do know, as De Lacy O'Leary pointed out, that Muslims definitely had the scientific knowledge and skill to make journeys across the Atlantic ocean.

We were in the Americas, hundreds of years before Columbus, and of that we can be sure.

Clyde-Ahmad Winters. Barry Fell. Alexander Von Wuthenau. Ivan Van Sertima. What do they have in common? A lot. They all provided evidence to the above statement; and it is a statement of fact, not an opinion, although many have chosen to ignore it in the past.

Now, we are all aware of the grave tragedy that befell the various African people after the discovery of America. Many people from there were forcefully taken from their homes to America, to serve the people who had taken over that land. Black slavery. We also know, for a fact, that many of these people were indeed Muslims; that has never been in dispute, nor should it be. Clyde Ahmad Winters has given us details of how huge numbers of Muslims were brought to Latin America in a 1978 issue of Al-Ittihad: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Studies, although later on in 1543, Muslims in Spanish colonies were ejected from them by the residing government.

Dr. Barry Fell, a noted New Zealand archaeologist and linguist of Harvard University showed detailed existing evidence in his work, "Saga America" that Muslims were not only in the Americas before Columbus arrived, but very active there as well. The language of the Pima people in the South West and the Algonquian language had many words in their vocabulary that were Arabic in origin, and Islamic petroglyphs were found in places such as California.

In the Inyo county of the State of California, according to Fell, there is another petroglyph that states, "Yasus bin Maria" which means in Arabic, "Jesus, son of Mary". This is not a Christian phrase; in fact, the phrase is to be found in the verses and ayahs of the Holy Quran. This glyph, as Fell believes, is centuries older than the US. In the Western states of the US he found texts, diagrams and charts engraved on rocks that were used for schooling that dated back to 700-800 C.E. The schooling was in subjects such as mathematics, history, geography, astronomy and sea navigation. The language of instruction was Kufic Arabic, from North Africa.

The German art historian, Alexander Von Wuthenau, also provides evidence that Islamic peoples were in America, in the time between 300 and 900 C.E. This was at least half a millennium before Columbus was born! Carved heads, that were described as "Moorish-looking" were dated between 300 and 900 C.E. and another group of heads dated between 900 and 1500 C.E. An artifact found in the earlier group was photographed, and when later examined was found to resemble an old man in a Fez, like the Egyptians.

Ivan Van Sertima is widely renowned for his work, "They Came Before Columbus" which showed that there was definitely contact between the ancient and early African people with the Native Americans. This and another of his works, "African Presence in Early America" both prove that there were African Muslim settlements in the Americas, before the expedition of Columbus was even conceived. His research has shown that Arab Muslim trade was active in America and one can only imagine that the marvellous culture that the Native Americans had that shared so much with Islamic teachings was of great attraction to the Muslims that came so far across the sea.

And for the record, Christopher Columbus, the man who so-called discovered America, himself declared that his impression of the Carib people (i.e., Caribbean people) were "Mohemmedans." He knew of the Mandinka presence in the New World (Muslims) and that Muslims from the West coast of Africa had settled down in the Carribean, Central, South and North America. Unlike Columbus, they had not come to enslave the populations or plunder the land; they had come to trade and they married among the Natives. Columbus further admitted that on October 21st, 1492, as he was sailing past Gibara on the coast of Cuba, he saw a mosque, and remnants of other masjids have been found in Cuba, Mexico, Texas and Nevada.

On the second voyage Columbus took to the West Indies, the people of Haiti told him that "black" people had been there before him. They showed him spears of these visitors, and further study of the metals involved in their construction showed that they could have been made only in one place: Guinea.

Another historian, P.V. Ramos, also showed in his essay in "African Presence in Early America" that the dietary regulations of the Carib were similar to Islamic teachings.

But let us say that we are wrong. Perhaps it is all just a coincidence; after all, there are no living survivors of the Native American Muslims, are they?

Wrong. And this last part is what originally drew me into this quest for knowledge: an exposé written by a Native Muslim.

Brother Mahir Abdal-Razzaaq El wrote in his account, recently posted on the Internet, about the Native Americans that were Muslims. He is of the Cherokee tribe; known as Eagle Sun Walker, and a Pipe Carrier Warrior of the Cherokees in New York. He tells of Muslim travellers that came to his land over one thousand years ago, and what is more important, existing evidence of legislation, treaties and resolutions that prove, beyond the shadow of a doubt that Muslims were in the Americas and very active. Although these documents have not been written after 1492, it is still interesting to note that Islam was in fact there. The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1787 have the signatures of Abdel-Khak and Mohammed Bin Abdulla. According to a federal court case from the Continental Congress,

Native Muslims helped put life into the constitution.

These are a matter of record; they cannot be disputed. Go to the National Archives or the Library of Congress and see for yourself; the Treat of 1987 show that the Natives abided by an Islamic system in commerce, maritime shipping and government. The records of the State of Carolina has the Moors Sundry Act of 1790. The Cherokee Chief of 1866 was a man called Ramadhan Bin Wati. Native clothing up until 1832 was full Islamic wear. The name Tallahassee actually means," Allah will deliver you sometime in the future." In North America, there are no less than 565 names of tribes, villages, cities, mountains and other lands sites of Islamic or Arabic roots.

The truth of Islam and the truth of the Native American culture is one and the same; many people hundreds of years ago realised that. The protection of the land and of the animals; the non-wastage of resources and the non-pollution of nature are all Islamic concepts.

I finish this article with a few Native sayings. And then, I want you to tell me that Islam is not nurtured in the hearts of these people.

"Our belief is that the Great Spirit has created all things. Not just mankind but animals, all plants, all rocks, all on earth and amongst the stars with true soul. For us, all life is holy. All of nature is within us and we are part of all nature." Chief White Cloud

"What is life? It is the flash of a firefly in the night." Crowfoot

"In the life of the Indian there was only one inevitable duty- the duty of prayer - the daily recognition of the Unseen and the Eternal." Ohiyesa

Allahu akbar. Salaam wa allaykum wa rakhmatullah wa barakatu.

When this article was written] Hisham Zoubeir is at the University of Sheffield undertaking a multi-disciplinary degree in law. He has lived in Abu Dhabi, Cairo and London. His main interests delves into peace, equality, righteousness and spirituality.

AMERICA BUILD FROM PAPUA GOLD

2010-03-17T11:20:00.014+07:00

NEGARA AMERIKA DIBANGUN DARI EMAS PAPUA

ARKILAUS ARNESIUS BAHO Minggu, 24 Januari 2010

Oleh: Subhan Hassannoesi
Aktivis Dakwah Papua yang juga anggota Majlis Muslim Papua ( MMP )
By : Subhan Hassannoesi

Freeport adalah pertambangan emas terbesar di dunia! Namun termurah dalam biaya operasionalnya. Sebagian kebesaran dan kemegahan Amerika sekarang ini adalah hasil perampokan resmi mereka atas gunung emas di Papua tersebut. Freeport banyak berjasa bagi segelintir pejabat negeri ini, para jenderal dan juga para politisi busuk, yang bisa menikmati hidup dengan bergelimang harta dengan memiskinkan bangsa ini. Mereka ini tidak lebih baik daripada seekor lintah!

Freeport is the largest gold mines in the world! But the cheapest in operational costs. Part of the greatness and splendor of America today is the result of their official robbery of a mountain of gold in Papua. Freeport much a boon to the few officials of this country, the generals and politicians, too bad, who can enjoy life to wallow wealth with impoverished nation. They are no better than a leech!

Akhir tahun 1996, sebuah tulisan bagus oleh Lisa Pease yang dimuat dalam majalah Probe. Tulisan ini juga disimpan dalam National Archive di Washington DC. Judul tulisan tersebut adalah "JFK, Indonesia, CIA and Freeport".

End of 1996, an excellent article by Lisa Pease, published in Probe magazine. This paper is also stored in the National Archive in Washington DC. The title was "JFK, Indonesia, CIA and Freeport".

Walau dominasi Freeport atas gunung emas di Papua dimulai sejak tahun 1967, namun kiprahnya di negeri ini sudah dimulai beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Dalam tulisannya, Lisa Pease mendapatkan temuan jika Freeport Sulphur, demikian nama perusahaan itu awalnya, nyaris bangrut berkeping-keping ketika terjadi pergantian kekuasaan di Kuba tahun 1959.

Despite the dominance of the mountain of gold Freeport in Papua, starting in 1967, but their work in this country have begun several years earlier. In his writings, Lisa Pease get if Freeport Sulfur findings, so the company name was originally, almost bankcroupt to pieces when there is turnover of power in Cuba in 1959.

Saat itu Fidel Castro berhasil menghancurkan rezim diktator Batista. Oleh Castro, seluruh perusahaan asing di negeri itu dinasionalisasikan. Freeport Sulphur yang baru saja hendak melakukan pengapalan nikel produksi perdananya terkena imbasnya. Ketegangan terjadi. Menurut Lisa Pease, berkali-kali CEO Freeport Sulphur merencanakan upaya pembunuhan terhadap Castro, namun berkali-kali pula menemui kegagalan.

As Fidel Castro's regime managed to destroy the Batista dictatorship. By Castro, all foreign companies were nationalized in the country. Freeport Sulfur is just about to make its first shipment of nickel production receive the effects. Tension occurs. According to Lisa Pease, many times the CEO Freeport Sulfur planning assassination attempts against Castro, but also repeatedly failed.

Ditengah situasi yang penuh ketidakpastian, pada Agustus 1959, Forbes Wilson yang menjabat sebagai Direktur Freeport Sulphur melakukan pertemuan dengan Direktur pelaksana East Borneo Company, Jan van Gruisen. Dalam pertemuan itu Gruisen bercerita jika dirinya menemukan sebuah laporan penelitian atas Gunung Ersberg (Gunung Tembaga) di Irian Barat yang ditulis Jean Jaques Dozy di tahun 1936. Uniknya, laporan itu sebenarnya sudah dianggap tidak berguna dan tersimpan selama bertahun-tahun begitu saja di perpustakaan Belanda. Van Gruisen tertarik dengan laporan penelitian yang sudah berdebu itu dan membacanya.

Amid the uncertain situation, in August 1959, Forbes Wilson who served as director of Freeport Sulfur have a meeting with executive director of East Borneo Company, Jan van Gruisen. In the meeting if Gruisen told her to find a research report on Mount Ersberg (Copper Mountain) in West Irian, written Jean Jacques Dozy in 1936. Uniquely, the report actually was considered not useful and saved for years just in the Dutch library. Van Gruisen interested in the research report was dusty and read it.

Dengan berapi-api, Van Gruisen bercerita kepada pemimpin Freeport Sulphur itu jika selain memaparkan tentang keindahan alamnya, Jean Jaques Dozy juga menulis tentang kekayaan alamnya yang begitu melimpah. Tidak seperti wilayah lainnya diseluruh dunia, maka kandungan biji tembaga yang ada disekujur tubuh Gunung Ersberg itu terhampar di atas permukaan tanah, jadi tidak tersembunyi di dalam tanah. Mendengar hal itu, Wilson sangat antusias dan segera melakukan perjalanan ke Irian Barat untuk mengecek kebenaran cerita itu. Di dalam benaknya, jika kisah laporan ini benar, maka perusahaannya akan bisa bangkit kembali dan selamat dari kebangkrutan yang sudah di depan mata.

With fiery, Van Gruisen told Freeport Sulfur's leader if in addition to describing the natural beauty, Jean Jacques Dozy also write about its natural resources so abundant. Unlike other regions around the world, then the content of existing copper ore body al over Ersberg Mountain was lying on the ground, so it is not hidden in the ground. Hearing this, Wilson was enthusiastic and immediately traveled to West Irian to check the truth of the story. In his mind, if the story of this report is true, then the company will be able to bounce back and survive the bankruptcy is in sight.

Selama beberapa bulan, Forbes Wilson melakukan survey dengan seksama atas Gunung Ersberg dan juga wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitiannya ini kelak ditulisnya dalam sebuah buku berjudul The Conquest of Cooper Mountain. Wilson menyebut gunung tersebut sebagai harta karun terbesar yang untuk memperolehnya tidak perlu menyelam lagi karena semua harta karun itu telah terhampar di permukaan tanah. Dari udara, tanah disekujur gunung tersebut berkilauan ditimpa sinar matahari.

For several months, Forbes Wilson carefully surveyed the Mount Ersberg and surrounding areas. His research was later wrote in his book The Conquest of Cooper Mountain. Wilson called the mountain as the greatest treasure to obtain it does not need to dive again because of all the treasure had been lying on the ground. From the air, all over mountain soil sparkling from the sunshine.

Wilson juga mendapatkan temuan yang nyaris membuatnya gila. Karena selain dipenuhi bijih tembaga, gunung tersebut ternyata juga dipenuhi bijih emas dan perak!! Menurut Wilson, seharusnya gunung tersebut diberi nama GOLD MOUNTAIN, bukan Gunung Tembaga. Sebagai seorang pakar pertambangan, Wilson memperkirakan jika Freeport akan untung besar dalam waktu tiga tahun sudah kembali modal. Pimpinan Freeport Sulphur ini pun bergerak dengan cepat. Pada 1 Februari 1960, Freeport Sulphur meneken kerjasama dengan East Borneo Company untuk mengeksplorasi gunung tersebut.

Wilson also get the fact that almost drive him crazy. Because beside the mountain full copper ore, the mountain was also filled with gold and silver ore! According to Wilson, the mountain should be named GOLD MOUNTAIN, not Mount Copper. As a mining expert, Wilson estimates that if Freeport will fortune within three years had returned capital. Chairman Freeport Sulfur is also moving quickly. On February 1, 1960, Freeport Sulfur signed cooperation with East Borneo Company to explore the mountain.

Namun lagi-lagi Freeport Sulphur mengalami kenyataan yang hampir sama dengan yang pernah dialaminya di Kuba. Perubahan eskalasi politik atas tanah Irian Barat tengah mengancam. Hubungan Indonesia dan Belanda telah memanas dan Soekarno malah mulai menerjunkan pasukannya di Irian Barat.

But again the reality of Freeport Sulfur is get the same fact they got from Cuba. Changes in the political escalation of land threatens the middle of West Irian. Relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands have been heated and begins to precipitate Sukarno forces in West Irian.

Tadinya Wilson ingin meminta bantuan kepada Presiden AS John Fitzgerald Kennedy agar mendinginkan Irian Barat. Namun ironisnya, JFK malah spertinya mendukung Soekarno. Kennedy mengancam Belanda, akan menghentikan bantuan Marshall Plan jika ngotot mempertahankan Irian Barat. Belanda yang saat itu memerlukan bantuan dana segar untuk membangun kembali negerinya dari puing-puing kehancuran akibat Perang Dunia II terpaksa mengalah dan mundur dari Irian Barat.

Wilson had wanted to ask for U.S. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy help to cool down the West Irian situation. But ironically, even JFK supporting Sukarno. Kennedy threatened the Netherlands, will stop the Marshall Plan aid, if Netherland determined to maintain West Irian. Dutch then require fresh funds to help rebuild the country from the rubble of the devastation of World War II and forced to withdraw from West Irian

Ketika itu sepertinya Belanda tidak tahu jika Gunung Ersberg sesungguhnya mengandung banyak emas, bukan tembaga. Sebab jika saja Belanda mengetahui fakta sesungguhnya, maka nilai bantuan Marshall Plan yang diterimanya dari AS tidak ada apa-apanya dibanding nilai emas yang ada di gunung tersebut.

When it seems the Dutch do not know if the mountain contains many Ersberg real gold, not copper. For if only the Dutch know the real facts, then the value of Marshall Plan aid received from the United States is not nothing compared to the gold value in the mountain.

Dampak dari sikap Belanda untuk mundur dari Irian Barat menyebabkan perjanjian kerjasama dengan East Borneo Company mentah kembali. Para pemimpin Freeport jelas marah besar. Apalagi mendengar Kennedy akan menyiapkan paket bantuan ekonomi kepada Indonesia sebesar 11 juta AS dengan melibatkan IMF dan Bank Dunia. Semua ini jelas harus dihentikan!

The impact of the Dutch attitude to withdraw from the West Irian cause cooperation agreement with East Borneo Company back to zero. Freeport leaders clearly furious. Moreover heard Kennedy will prepare economic aid package to Indonesia by 11 million U.S. involving IMF and World Bank. All of this clearly must be stopped!

Segalanya berubah seratus delapan puluh derajat ketika Presiden Kennedy tewas ditembak pada 22 November 1963. Banyak kalangan menyatakan penembakan Kennedy merupakan sebuah konspirasi besar menyangkut kepentingan kaum Globalis yang hendak mempertahankan hegemoninya atas kebijakan politik di Amerika.

Everything totally changed when President Kennedy was shot to dead on November 22, 1963. Many people said the shooting Kennedy is a big conspiracy regarding the interests of the Globalis who want to maintain hegemony over political policy in America

Presiden Johnson yang menggantikan Kennedy mengambil sikap yang bertolak belakang dengan pendahulunya. Johnson malah mengurangi bantuan ekonomi kepada Indonesia, kecuali kepada militernya. Salah seorang tokoh di belakang keberhasilan Johnson, termasuk dalam kampanye pemilihan presiden AS tahun 1964, adalah Augustus C.Long, salah seorang anggota dewan direksi Freeport.

President Johnson who succeeded Kennedy took the opposite stance with his predecessors. Johnson actually reduce economic aid to Indonesia, except the military. One of the figures behind the success of Johnson, including in the U.S. presidential election campaign in 1964, is the Augustus C. Long, a member of Freeport's board of directors.

Tokoh yang satu ini memang punya kepentingan besar atas Indonesia. Selain kaitannya dengan Freeport, Long juga memimpin Texaco, yang membawahi Caltex (patungan dengan Standard Oil of California). Soekarno pada tahun 1961 memutuskan kebijakan baru kontrak perminyakan yang mengharuskan 60persen labanya diserahkan kepada pemerintah Indonesia. Caltex sebagai salah satu dari tiga operator perminyakan di Indonesia jelas sangat terpukul oleh kebijakan Soekarno ini.

This Figure did have a big interest of Indonesia. Besides relation to Freeport, Long also led Texaco, in charge of Caltex (a joint venture with Standard Oil of California). Sukarno in 1961 decided a new policy that requires petroleum contracts 60persen returns submitted to the Indonesian government. Caltex as one of the three operators a clear oil in Indonesia was devastated by Soekarno's policy.

Augustus C.Long amat marah terhadap Soekarno dan amat berkepentingan agar orang ini disingkirkan secepatnya.

Augustus C. Long was angry against Sukarno and very concerned that this person has to be removed as soon as possible.

http://berita.liputan6. com/progsus/ 200209/41945/ class=%27vidico% 27

Mungkin suatu kebetulan yang ajaib. Augustus C.Long juga aktif di Presbysterian Hospital di NY dimana dia pernah dua kali menjadi presidennya (1961-1962). Sudah bukan rahasia umum lagi jika tempat ini merupakan salah satu simpul pertemuan tokoh CIA.

This could be a miraculous coincidence. Augustus C. Long is also active in Presbysterian Hospital in NY where he had twice become its president (1961-1962). It's not a secret anymore if this place is one of the CIA concluded the meeting.

Lisa Pease dengan cermat menelusuri riwayat kehidupan tokoh ini. Antara tahun 1964 sampai 1970, Long pensiun sementara sebagai pemimpin Texaco. Apa saja yang dilakukan orang ini dalam masa itu yang di Indonesia dikenal sebagai masa yang paling krusial.

Lisa Pease carefully trace the life history of this character. Between 1964 to 1970, Long retired as a leader Texaco. What did this person do in that era in Indonesia known as the most crucial period.

Pease mendapatkan data jika pada Maret 1965, Augustus C.Long terpilih sebagai Direktur Chemical Bank, salah satu perusahaan Rockefeller. Augustus 1965, Long diangkat menjadi anggota dewan penasehat intelejen kepresidenan AS untuk masalah luar negeri. Badan ini memiliki pengaruh sangat besar untuk menentukan operasi rahasia AS di Negara-negara tertentu. Long diyakini salah satu tokoh yang merancang kudeta terhadap Soekarno, yang dilakukan AS dengan menggerakkan sejumlah perwira Angkatan Darat yang disebutnya sebagai Our Local Army Friend.

Pease get the data when in March 1965, Augustus C. Long was elected as Director of Chemical Bank, one of the Rockefeller company. August 1965, Long was appointed as a member of the advisory board of the U.S. presidential intelligence for foreign affairs. This agency has a huge influence to determine the U.S. covert operations in certain countries. Long believed to be one of the design coup against Sukarno, the U.S. conducted by moving a number of Army officers called Our Friend Local Army.

Salah satu bukti sebuah telegram rahasia Cinpac 342, 21 Januari 1965, pukul 21.48, yang menyatakan jika kelompok Jendral Suharto akan mendesak angkatan darat agar mengambil-alih kekuasaan tanpa menunggu Soekarno berhalangan. Mantan pejabat CIA Ralph Mc Gehee juga pernah bersaksi jika hal itu benar adanya.

One proof of a secret telegram Cinpac 342, January 21, 1965, at 21:48, which states if the group would urge General Suharto army to take over power without waiting for the Soekarno absent. Former CIA officer Ralph Mc Gehee also testify if it was true.

Awal November 1965, satu bulan setelah tragedi terbunuhnya sejumlah perwira loyalis Soekarno, Forbes Wilson mendapat telpon dari Ketua Dewan Direktur Freeport, Langbourne Williams, yang menanyakan apakah Freeport sudah siap mengekplorasi gunung emas di Irian Barat. Wilson jelas kaget. Ketika itu Soekarno masih sah sebagai presiden Indonesia bahkan hingga 1967, lalu darimana Williams yakin gunung emas di Irian Barat akan jatuh ke tangan Freeport?

In the Beginning November 1965, one month after the tragedy of the killing of several officers of Sukarno loyalists, Forbes Wilson got a call from the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Freeport, Langbourne Williams, who asked if Freeport is ready to explore the mountain of gold in New Guinea. Wilson clearly surprised. When that Sukarno was still valid as the president of Indonesia even until 1967, then from where Williams was sure gold in the mountains of West Irian would fall into the hands of Freeport?

penampakan tambangnya yang parah :

Lisa Pease mendapatkan jawabannya. Para petinggi Freeport ternyata sudah mempunyai kontak dengan tokoh penting di dalam lingkaran elit Indonesia. Mereka adalah Menteri Pertambangan dan Perminyakan Ibnu Soetowo dan Julius Tahija. Orang yang terakhir ini berperan sebagai penghubung antara Ibnu Soetowo dengan Freeport. Ibnu Soetowo sendiri sangat berpengaruh di dalam angkatan darat karena dialah yang menutup seluruh anggaran operasional mereka.

Lisa Pease had the answer. Freeport officials were already in contact with important figures in the Indonesian elite circle. They are the Minister of Mines and Petroleum Ibn Soetowo and Julius Tahija . The last person is acting as a liaison between Ibn Soetowo with Freeport. Ibn Soetowo itself very influential in the army because he is closing all of their operational budget.

Sebab itulah, ketika UU no 1/1967 tentang Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) yang draftnya dirancang di Jenewa-Swiss yang didektekan Rockefeller, disahkan tahun 1967, maka perusahaan asing pertama yang kontraknya ditandatangani Suharto adalah Freeport!. Inilah kali pertama kontrak pertambangan yang baru dibuat. Jika di zaman Soekarno kontrak-kontrak dengan perusahaan asing selalu menguntungkan Indonesia, maka sejak Suharto berkuasa, kontrak-kontrak seperti itu malah merugikan Indonesia.

That's the reason, when Law No. 1 / 1967 on Foreign Investment (PMA), which draft was designed in Geneva, Switzerland that dictation Rockefeller, enacted in 1967, the first foreign companies signed contracts Suharto is Freeport!. This is the first time a new mining contract was made. If the Sukarno era contracts with foreign firms is always profitable Indonesia, since Suharto's rule, such contracts were in fact harming Indonesia.

Untuk membangun konstruksi pertambangan emasnya itu, Freeport mengandeng Bechtel, perusahaan AS yang banyak mempekerjakan pentolan CIA. Direktur CIA John McCone memiliki saham di Bechtel, sedangkan mantan Direktur CIA Richards Helms bekerja sebagai konsultan internasional di tahun 1978.

To establish that the gold mining construction, Freeport joint with Bechtel, the U.S. companies that employ many CIA frontman. CIA Director John McCone has a stake in Bechtel, while Richards, former CIA Director Helms worked as an international consultant in the year 1978.

Tahun 1980, Freeport menggandeng McMoran milik "Jim Bob" Moffet dan menjadi perusahaan raksasa dunia dengan laba lebih dari 1,5 miliar dollar AS pertahun.

In 1980, Freeport McMoRan's arm "Jim Bob" Moffett and become the world giant companies with profits of more than 1.5 billion U.S. dollars annually.

Tahun 1996, seorang eksekutif Freeport-McMoran, George A.Maley, menulis sebuah buku berjudul "Grasberg" setelab 384 halaman dan memaparkan jika tambang emas di Irian Barat itu memiliki deposit terbesar di dunia, sedangkan untuk bijih tembaganya menempati urutan ketiga terbesar didunia.

In 1996, a Freeport-McMoRan executive, George A. Maley, wrote a book called "Grasberg" after 384 pages and describe when a gold mine in New Guinea had the world's largest deposits, whereas for the copper ore was ranked third largest in the world.

Maley menulis, data tahun 1995 menunjukkan jika di areal ini tersimpan cadangan bijih tembaga sebesar 40,3 miliar dollar AS dan masih akan menguntungkan 45 tahun ke depan. Ironisnya, Maley dengan bangga juga menulis jika biaya produksi tambang emas dan tembaga terbesar di dunia yang ada di Irian Barat itu merupakan yang termurah di dunia!!

Maley writes, the data in 1995 shows this area if the stored reserves of copper ore, 40.3 billion U.S. dollars and still be profitable next 45 years. Ironically, Maley is proud to also write if the cost of producing gold and copper mines in the world's largest in West Irian is the cheapest in the world!!

Istilah Kota Tembagapura itu sebenarnya menyesatkan dan salah. Seharusnya EMASPURA. Karena gunung tersebut memang gunung emas, walau juga mengandung tembaga. Karena kandungan emas dan tembaga terserak di permukaan tanah, maka Freeport tinggal memungutinya dan kemudian baru menggalinya dengan sangat mudah. Freeport sama sekali tidak mau kehilangan emasnya itu dan membangun pipa-pipa raksasa dan kuat dari Grasberg-Tembagapur a sepanjang 100 kilometer langsung menuju ke Laut Arafuru dimana telah menunggu kapal-kapal besar yang akan mengangkut emas dan tembaga itu ke Amerika. Ini sungguh-sungguh perampokan besar yang direstui oleh pemerintah Indonesia sampai sekarang!!!

City Tembagapura term actually misleading and wrong. Should EMASPURA. Because the mountain is a mountain of gold, though also contain copper. Because gold and copper contents were scattered on the ground, then pick and Freeport lived then very easy to dig. Freeport did not want to lose the gold and build the giant pipes and stronger than a Tembagapur Grasberg-along 100 miles directly to the Arafuru Ocean where it has been waiting for large ships that would carry the gold and copper it to America. It's really a big robbery sanctioned by the government of Indonesia until now!

Kesaksian seorang reporter CNN yang diizinkan meliput areal tambang emas Freeport dari udara. Dengan helikopter ia meliput gunung emas tersebut yang ditahun 1990-an sudah berubah menjadi lembah yang dalam. Semua emas, perak, dan tembaga yang ada digunung tersebut telah dibawa kabur ke Amerika, meninggalkan limbah beracun yang mencemari sungai-sungai dan tanah-tanah orang Papua yang sampai detik ini masih saja hidup bagai di zaman batu.

A CNN reporter Testimonium who was allowed to cover the Freeport gold mine area from the air. With the helicopter he was covering the gold mountain that in the year of 1990s had turned into a deep valley. All gold, silver, and copper are the mountains has been taken away to America, leaving behind toxic waste that pollutes the rivers and the lands of Papuans who until this moment still live like in the stone age.

Freeport merupakan ladang uang haram bagi para pejabat negeri ini, yang dari sipil maupun militer. Sejak 1967 sampai sekarang, tambang emas terbesar di dunia itu menjadi tambang pribadi mereka untuk memperkaya diri sendiri dan keluarganya. Freeport McMoran senidir telah menganggarkan dana untuk itu yang walau jumlahnya sangat besar bagi kita, namun bagi mereka terbilang kecil karena jumlah laba dari tambang itu memang sangat dahsyat. Jika Indonesia mau mandiri, sektor inilah yang harus dibereskan terlebih dahulu.

Freeport is a tainted money field to officials of this country, that the civilian and military. Since 1967 until now, the largest gold mines in the world it becomes their personal mines to enrich themselves and their families. Freeport McMoRan senidir has allocated funds for it that even very large amount for us, but for their relatively small because the amount of profits from the mine it was very powerful. If you want an independent Indonesia, this sector should be dealt with first.

Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono

2010-03-04T11:01:00.010+07:00

" Ing donya mung kebak kangelan,
sing ora gelem kangelan aja ing donya. "

" Di dunia penuh dengan kesusahan, yang tidak mau susah jangan di dunia. "

Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post

Sekilas Biografi

Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono lahir di Mayong pada hari Rabu Pahing tanggal 10 April 1877 M. Beliau adalah putera R.M. Adipati Ario Sosroningrat, bupati Jepara. Semenjak kecil beliau sudah mempunyai keistimewaan, beliau cerdas dan mempunyai kemampuan membaca masa depan.
Kakak dari ibu kita Kartini ini, setelah tamat dari Eropesche Lagere School di Jepara, melanjutkan pendidikannya ke H.B.S. di Semarang. Pada tahun 1898 meneruskan sekolahnya ke negeri Belanda. Mula-mula masuk di sekolah Teknik Tinggi di Leiden, tetapi merasa tidak cocok, sehingga pindah ke Jurusan Bahasa dan Kesusastraan Timur. Beliau merupakan mahasiswa Indonesia pertama yang meneruskan pendidikan ke negeri Belanda, yang pada urutannya disusul oleh putera-putera Indonesia lainnya. Dengan menggenggam gelar Docterandus in de Oostersche Talen dari Perguruan Tinggi Leiden, beliau mengembara ke seluruh Eropa, menjelajahi pelbagai pekerjaan.

Pada tahun 1917, koran Amerika The New York Herald Tribune, di kota Wina, Ibukota Austria, membuka lowongan kerja sebagai wartawan perang untuk meliput Perang Dunia I. Salah satu tes adalah menyingkat-padatkan sebuah berita dalam bahasa Perancis yang panjangnya satu kolom menjadi berita yang terdiri atas kurang lebih 30 kata, dan harus ditulis dalam 4 bahasa yaitu Inggris, Spanyol, Rusia dan Perancis sendiri. Drs Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono, putra Bumiputra yang ikut melamar, berhasil memeras berita itu menjadi 27 kata, sedangkan para pelamar lainnya lebih dari 30 kata. Persyaratan lainnya juga bisa dipenuhi oleh RMP Sosrokartono sehingga akhirnya ia terpilih sebagai wartawan perang surat kabar bergengsi Amerika, The New York Herald Tribune.

Agar supaya pekerjaannya lancar ia juga diberi pangkat Mayor oleh Panglima Perang Amerika Serikat.

RMP Sosrokartono seorang poliglot, ahli banyak bahasa. Ia menguasai 24 bahasa asing dan 10 bahasa suku di tanah Nusantara. Sebelum ia menjadi wartawan the New York Herald Tribune, ia bekerja sebagai penterjemah di Wina, ibukota Austria. Di Wina ia terkenal sebagai seorang “jenius dari Timur”. Ia juga bekerja sebagai wartawan beberapa surat kabar dan majalah di Eropa. Di dalam buku ‘Memoir’ Drs Muhammad Hatta diceritakan kalau RMP Sosrokartono mendapat gaji 1250 Dollar dari surat kabar Amerika. Dengan gaji sebesar itu ia dapat hidup mewah di Eropa.

Sebelum Perang Dunia I berakhir, pada bulan November 1918, RMP Sosrokartono terpilih oleh blok Sekutu menjadi penterjemah tunggal, karena ia satu-satunya pelamar yang memenuhi syarat-syarat mereka yaitu ahli bahasa dan budaya di Eropa dan juga bukan bangsa Eropa. Dalam ‘Memoir’ tulisan Drs Muhammad Hatta ditulis kalau RMP Sosrokartono juga menguasai bahasa Basque, menjadi penterjemah pasukan Sekutu kala melewati daerah suku Basque. Suku Basque adalah salah satu suku yang hidup di Spanyol. Ketika Perang Dunia I menjelang akhir, diadakan perundingan perdamaian rahasia antara pihak yang bertikai.

Pihak-pihak yang berunding naik kereta api yang kemudian berhenti di hutan Compaigne di Perancis Selatan. Di dalam kereta api, pihak yang bertikai melakukan perundingan perdamaian rahasia. Di sekitar tempat perundingan telah dijaga ketat oleh tentara dan tidak sembarangan orang apalagi wartawan boleh mendekati tempat perundingan dalam radius 1 km. Semua hasil perundingan perdamaian rahasia tidak boleh disiarkan, dikenakan embargo sampai perundingan yang resmi berlangsung. Dalam Sejarah Dunia, Perundingan Perdamaian Perang Dunia ke I yang resmi berlangsung di kota Versailles, di Perancis.

Ketika banyak wartawan yang mencium adanya ‘perundingan perdamaian rahasia’ masih sibuk mencari informasi, koran Amerika The New York Herald Tribune ternyata telah berhasil memuat hasil perundingan rahasia tersebut. Penulisnya ‘anonim’, cuma menggunakan kode pengenal ‘Bintang Tiga’. Kode tersebut di kalangan wartawan Perang Dunia ke I dikenal sebagai kode dari wartawan perang RMP Sosrokartono. Konon tulisan itu menggemparkan Amerika dan juga Eropa. Yang menjadi pertanyaan bagaimana RMP Sosrokartono bisa mendapat hasil perundingan perdamaian yang amat dirahasiakan dan dijaga ketat? Apakah RMP Sosrokartono menjadi penterjemah dalam perundingan rahasia tersebut? Kalau ia menjadi penterjemah dalam perundingan rahasia itu lalu bagaimana ia menyelundupkan beritanya keluar? Seandainya ia tidak menjadi penterjemah dalam perundingan perdamaian rahasia itu, sebagai wartawan perang, bagaimana caranya ia bisa mendapat hasil perundingan perdamaian rahasia tersebut? Sayangnya dalam buku Biografi RMP Sosrokartono tidak ada informasi mengenai hal ini. Namun tak dapat disangkal lagi, berita tulisan RMP Sosrokartono di koran New York Herald Tribune mengenai hasil perdamaian rahasia Perang Dunia I itu merupakan salah satu prestasi luar biasa Sosrokartono sebagai wartawan perang.

Tahun 1919 didirikan Liga Bangsa-Bangsa (League of Nations) atas prakarsa Presiden Amerika Serikat Woodrow Wilson. Dari tahun 1919 sampai 1921, RMP Sosrokartono, anak Bumiputra, mampu menjabat sebagai Kepala Penterjemah untuk semua bahasa yang digunakan di Liga Bangsa-Bangsa. Ia berhasil mengalahkan poliglot-poliglot dari Eropa dan Amerika sehingga meraih jabatan tersebut. Liga Bangsa-Bangsa kemudian berubah nama menjadi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Organization) pada tahun 1921. Tahun 1919 RMP Sosrokartono juga diangkat menjadi Atase Kebudayaan di Kedutaan Besar Perancis di Belanda.

Sampai suatu ketika terdengar berita tentang sakitnya seorang anak berumur ± 12 tahun. Anak itu adalah anak dari kenalannya yang menderita sakit keras, yang tak kunjung sembuh meki sudah diobati oleh beberapa dokter. Dengan dorongan hati yang penuh dengan cinta kasih dan hasrat yang besar untuk meringankan penderitaan orang lain, saat itu juga beliau menjenguk anak kenalannya yang sakit parah itu. Sesampainya di sana, beliau langsung meletakkan tangannya di atas dahi anak itu dan terjadilah sebuah keajaiban. Tiba-tiba si bocah yang sakit itu mulai membaik dengan hitungan detik, dan hari itu juga ia pun sembuh.
Kejadian itu membuat orang-orang yang tengah hadir di sana terheran-heran, termasuk juga dokter-dokter yang telah gagal menyembuhkan penyakit anak itu. Setelah itu, ada seorang ahli Psychiatrie dan Hypnose yang menjelaskan bahwa sebenarnya Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono mempunyai daya pesoonalijke magneetisme yang besar sekali yang tak disadari olehnya.

Mendengar penjelasan tersebut, akhirnya beliau merenungkan dirinya dan memutuskan menghentikan pekerjaannya di Jenewa dan pergi ke Paris untuk belajar Psychometrie dan Psychotecniek di sebuah perguruan tinggi di kota itu. Akan tetapi, karena beliau adalah lulusan Bahasa dan Sastra, maka di sana beliau hanya diterima sebagai toehoorder saja, sebab di Perguruan Tinggi tersebut secara khusus hanya disediakan untuk mahasiswa-mahasiswa lulusan medisch dokter.
Beliau kecewa, karena di sana beliau hanya dapat mengikuti mata kuliah yang sangat terbatas, tidak sesuai dengan harapan beliau. Di sela-sela hati yang digendam kecewa, datanglah ilham untuk kembali saja ke tanah airnya.

RMP Sosrokartono pulang ke tanah air tahun 1925. Ia kemudian menetap di kota Bandung. Supaya RMP Sosrokartono tidak ikut kegiatan politik yang sedang marak saat itu. RMP Sosrokartono kemudian ditawari berbagai jabatan dari Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda seperti jabatan Bupati, Adviseur Voor Inlandse Zaken dan Direktur pada Museum Bataviaasch Genootschaap Van Kunsten en Wetenschappen di Jakarta. Namun tawaran jabatan itu ditolak RMP Sosrokartono. RMP Sosrokartono memilih menjadi Kepala Sekolah di Perguruan Taman Siswa, nationale Middlebare School yang baru didirikan di Bandung.

Guru-guru di sekolah Taman Siswa itu antara lain Ir Soekarno, Dr Samsi, Mr Sunario dan Mr Usman Sastroamidjoyo. RMP Sosrokartono juga ikut aktif dalam kegiatan politik saat zaman pergerakan nasional Indonesia. Kegiatan Sosrokartono dapat dilihat dari laporan para pejabat kolonial Belanda. Dalam laporan rahasia tahun 1962 yang dibuat Van Der Plas pejabat Adviseur Voor Inlandse Zaken tertulis kalau Drs Sosrokartono termasuk pelopor gerakan nasional Indonesia dan tidak dapat dipercaya oleh Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda. Laporan ‘Komisi Istimewa’ yang terdiri Herwerden dan Toxopeus langsung kepada Ratu Wilhelmina berisikan kalau Sosrokartono penganjur swadesi dan sangat berbahaya bagi berlangsungnya ketentraman dan kedamaian di Hindia Belanda.

Tahun 1927, RMP Sosrokartono terpaksa keluar dari Perguruan Taman Siswa karena tekanan Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda terhadapnya sudah tak tertahankan lagi. RMP Sosrokartono kemudian sering melakukan ‘tarak brata’, tidak mau menikmati kemewahan, bahkan dalam beberapa hari di tiap harinya beliau hanya makan dua buah cabe atau sebuah pisang. Selanjutnya ia jadi suka berpuasa tanpa berbuka dan bersahur, dan juga tidak tidur selama berhari-hari, biasanya sampai 40 hari lebih.

Dan pada 30 April 1930 ia mulai mengadakan penyembuhan spiritual dengan air putih yang dilakukan di tempat tinggalnya di Jalan Pungkur Bandung (sekarang Jl Dewi Sartika), yang kemudian disebut Darus Salam (Tempat Nan Damai). Orang Jawa yang berobat kepadanya menyebut beliau ‘Ndoro Sosro’, Orang Sunda menyebutnya ‘Dokter Cai’ atau ‘Juragan Dokter Cai Pengeran’ atau Dokter Alif, Orang Belanda dan Indo Belanda menyebutnya ‘Oom Sos’ dan kalangan kedokteran menyebutnya ‘Wonder Dokter’ (bahasa Belanda artinya dokter ajaib). Beliau tidak menikah, tidak punya murid dan wakil.

Pada hari Jum'at Pahing, tanggal 8 februari 1952 di rumah Jl. Pungkur No. 19 Bandung, yang terkenal dengan sebutan Dar-Oes-Salam, Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono kembali ke Sang Pencipta dengan tenang, tentram.
Presiden Soekarno memerintahkan AURI (Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia) untuk mengantarkan jenazah RMP Sosrokartono dengan pesawat terbang militer ke kota Semarang. Jenazahnya kemudian dimakamkan di pemakaman keluarga Sedhomukti di kota Kudus.
Dalam buku Biografi RMP Sosrokartono tulisan Solichin Salam, Mr Ahmad Soebardjo, mantan ketua organisasi Perhimpunan Indonesia di Belanda, berkomentar kalau

Drs Sosrokartono memang luar biasa di segala bidang kehidupan manusia baik lahir maupun batin. Sosrokartono senantiasa dicurigai oleh penjajah karena pengaruhnya di masyarakat Indonesia sangat besar. Dan Drs Sosrokartono dapat dibanggakan sebagai Putra Indonesia Sejati.

Kutipan komentar Prof Mr Muhammad Yamin tentang RMP Sosrokartono,

“..seorang putera Indonesia yang pernah berjuang, menderita dan mendapat kemenangan sampai pulang ke pangkuan bumi di makam Sedhomukti, setelah bekerja dengan menggerakkan perbagai tenaga untuk kebahagiaan manusia dan kemajuan bangsa. Bapak Sosrokartono adalah penganjur orang berilmu yang mengendalikan tenaga jasmani dan rohani untuk kebahagiaan Indonesia dan dunia, “

Kutipan komentar Bung Karno tentang RMP Sosrokartono.

“..Drs Sosrokartono almarhum adalah salah seorang sahabat saya dan beliau adalah seorang putera Indonesia yang besar, “

Bpk Ahmad Soebardjo, Bpk Muhammad Yamin dan Bung Karno adalah pahlawan-pahlawan Indonesia. Komentar-komentar mereka menunjukkan kalau RMP Sosrokartono seorang tokoh Indonesia yang besar. Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono adalah pahlawan Indonesia yang kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia sendiri. Banyak orang menyepelekan jabatan Sosrokartono sebagai Kepala Penerjamah di Liga Bangsa-Bangsa. Padahal jabatan itu yang sangat prestisius. Penterjemah di organisasi kelas dunia seperti Liga Bangsa-Bangsa pasti seorang ahli bahasa luar biasa. Menjadi penterjemah bertaraf internasional itu susah sekali. Apalagi kalau berhasil bekerja sebagai penterjemah di lembaga dunia seperti Liga Bangsa-Bangsa yang sekarang namanya Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa

Mandor Klungsu

Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post

"... para Pangeran ingkang sesami rawuh perlu manggihi pun Klungsu, ..."

"... para pangeran yang berdatangan perlu menemui si Klungsu, ..."

"Salam alaikum, Kula pun Mandor Klungsu."

"Salam alaikum, Saya si Mandor Klungsu."

"Taklimi pun Mandhor ... Pak Klungsu."

"Taklimnya Mandhor ... Pak Klungsu."

"Salam taklimipun lan padonganipun. Pak Klungsu."

"Salam taklimnya dan do'anya. Pak Klungsu."

Kutipan- kutipan di atas menunjukkan bahwa Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono menyebut dirinya sebagai "Mandor Klungsu".
Klungsu artinya biji asam, bentuknya kecil tapi keras (kuat) yang ketika ditanam dan dirawat sebaik-baiknya, maka akan menjelma sebuah pohon yang besar-kekar, berdaun rimbun dan berbuah lebat.
Bukan sekedar biji buah asam, melainkan kepala/pimpinannya.
Pohon asam mulai dari pohon sampai bijinya, semua dapat dimanfaatkan. Selain itu, mempunyai sifat kokoh dan tegar.

Ketika melihat kiprahnya sehari-hari, maka beliau hanya seorang Mandor, Mandor Klungsu, yang harus menjalankan perintah Sang Pimpinan (Tuhan), serta mempertanggungjawabkan semua karyanya selama itu kepada Tuhannya.

"Kula dermi ngelampahi kemawon."

Maksudnya, "Saya hanya menjalankan saja."

"Namung madosi barang ingkang sae, sedaya kula sumanggaken dhateng Gusti."

Maksudnya, "Saya hanya mencari sesuatu yang baik, semuanya saya serahkan kepada Tuhan."

"Kula saged nindhakaken ibadat inggih punika kuwajiban bakti lan suwita kula dhateng sesami."

Maksudnya, "Saya bisa menjalankan ibadah, yaitu kewajiban berbakti dan pengabdian saya kepada sesama."

Jaka Pring

Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post
"... Nyuwun pangestunipun para sedherek dhumateng pun Djoko Pring."

"... mohon do'a restunya saudara-saudara untuk si Jaka Pring."

"Saking Ulun, Djoko Pring."

"Dari saya, Jaka Pring."

Selain untuk dijadikan nama, Drs. R.M.P Sosrokartono juga pernah menuliskannya sebagai berikut:

"Pring padha pring
Weruh padha weruh
Eling tanpa nyanding."

Artinya, "Bambu sama-sama bambu, tahu sama-sama tahu, ingat tanpa mendekat."

Versi lain berbunyi:

"Susah padha susah; seneng padha seneng; eling padha eling; pring padha pring."

Artinya, "Susah sama-sama susah; senang sama-sama senang; ingat sama-sama ingat; bambu sama- sama bambu."

Jaka adalah jejaka/laki-laki yang belum (tidak) menikah dan Pring adalah bambu.
Pohon bambu adalah pohon yang sekujur tubuhnya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh siapa saja yang berkepentingan dengannya. Pohon Bambu dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat rumah, mulai dari tiang, atap, dinding, pagar, sampai atap-atapnya. Bukankah orang-orang dahulu menjadikan daun bambu sebagai genteng rumah mereka? Ranting-rantingnya dapat dijadikan kayu bakar atau pagar. Bambu dapat digunakan untuk membuat balai-balai, sangkar, keranjang, tempayan, tembikar, kursi, dll. Cikal bakal dari pohon bambu dapat dimanfaatkan untuk sayur/dimakan. Yang jelas, semuanya dapat dimanfaatkan, semuanya dapat difungsikan atau dibutuhkan sesuai kehendak orang yang bersangkutan.
Satu hal lagi, jenis bambu itu bermacam-macam. Sesuai dengan hajat seseorang dalam memfungsikan bambu, maka ia mempunyai pilihan terhadap jenis bambu yang mana ia butuhkan. Apakah bambu pethung, bambu ori, bambu wuluh, bambu apus dan lain sebagainya.

Kutipan di atas juga mengutarakan bahwa, apapun jenis kita, bangsa kita, agama kita, ras, warna kulit, perbedaan bahasa dan suku kita, kita tetap sama, sama-sama tahu, sama-sama manusia.
Apapun jenis, warna dan bentuknya bambu, tetap bambu. Tak ada perbedaan, semua sama belaka. Manusia yang satu dengan manusia yang lain adalah sama. Seperti ketika beliau melakukan perjalanan ke luar Jawa, kemudian beliau bertemu oleh sekian jenis manusia dengan status sosial yang berbeda. Bagi beliau, semua manusia disejajarkan. Sikap egalitarisme tetap dijaga dan dilestarikan.
Dalam kondisi dan situasi bagaimanapun dan di manapun, ingat akan keterciptaan, teringat akan sesama, saling mengingatkan dan ingat kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Yang Maha Pemurah. Ketika manusia itu ingat kepada Tuhannya, maka Tuhanpun akan ingat kepadanya.

Guru Sejati

"Murid, gurune pribadi
Guru, muride pribadi
Pamulangane, sengsarane sesami
Ganjarane, ayu lan arume sesami."

Artinya, "Murid gurunya diri pribadi. Guru, muridnya diri pribadi. Tempat belajarnya/pelajarannya, penderitaan sesama. Balasannya, kebaikan dan keharuman sesama."

Untaian itu mengandung pengertian bahwa sesungguhnya dalam diri seseorang terdapat seorang guru dan diri seseorang itu sendiri menjadi murid, murid dari guru sejati.
Sebab, pada intinya, segala bentuk ilmu dan pengetahuan itu hanya datang dari Tuhan, karena guru selain Tuhan itu hanya sebagai perantara belaka.

"Sinau ngarosake lan nyumerepi tunggalipun manungsa, tunggalipun rasa, tunggalipun asal lan maksudipun agesang."

Artinya, "Perlu belajar ikut merasakan dan mengetahui bahwa manusia itu satu, rasa itu satu, berasal dari tempat yang sama, dan belajar memahami arti dari tujuan hidup."

"Tansah anglampahi dados muriding agesang."

Artinya, "Selalu menjalani jadi murid kehidupan/sesama hidup."
Kehidupan itulah sang guru, karena kehidupan itu juga mengajarkan kepada kita.

Sang Alif

Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post

"... Ping kalihipun perlu babat lan ngatur papan kangge masang Alif. (Masang Alif punika inggih kedah mawi sarana lampah. Boten kenging kok lajeng dipun canthelaken kemawon, lajeng dipun tilar kados mepe rasukan)."

Artinya, "Yang keduanya perlu membuka dan mengatur tempat untuk memasang Alif. (Memasang Alif itu harus dengan sarana penghayatan. Tidak boleh hanya dicantolkan begitu saja, lalu ditinggal layaknya menjemur pakaian.)

"Ngawula dateng kawulaning Gusti lan memayu ayuning urip, ..."

Maksudnya adalah mengabdi kepada abdinya Tuhan dan memperbaiki keindahan hidup.

Diungkapkan bahwa Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono memiliki tiga buah Alif, yaitu :

1. Sang Alif warna hitam, dengan dasar putih.
2. Sang Alif warna putih, dengan dasar biru muda.
3. Sand Alif warna putih, dengan dasar merah.

Ketika melayani dan mengobati orang-orang yang sakit, Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono selalu berdiri. Beilau kuat sekali berdiri berjam-jam atau berhari-hari. Setelah mengobati orang-orang sampai pukul 12 malam, Dar-Oes-Salam ditutup. Namun beliau tidak langsung tidur, beliau seringkali bermain catur sampai jam 3, 4 pagi, itupun beliau lakukan sambil berdiri.

Kanthong Bolong

"Nulung pepadhane, ora nganggo mikir
wayah, wadhuk, kanthong.
Yen ana isi lumuntur marang sesami."

Artinya, "Menolong sesama, tidak perlu memakai pikiran waktu, perut, saku. Jika (saku) berisi mengalir kepada sesama."

Dengan demikian, maksud dari "Ilmu Kanthong Bolong" adalah sebuah pengetahuan konkrit tentang sebentuk tempat yang selalu kosong, yang secara pasti tempat itu tak pernah membiarkan sesuatu yang dimilikinya tetap ada, karena tempat itu berlobang, maka apapun yang ditaruh di sana selalu mengalir, sehingga menjadi kosong dan sunyi dari apa saja.

"Nulung tiyang kula tindakaken ing pundi-pundi, sak mangsa-mangsa, sak wanci-wanci."

Maksudnya, menolong orang itu dilaksanakan di mana-mana, sewaktu-waktu, kapan saja.

Sugih Tanpa Bandha

"Sugih tanpa bandha.
Digdaya tanpa hadji.
Ngalurug tanpa bala.
Menang tanpa ngasoraken."

Artinya, "Kaya tanpa harta. Sakti tanpa azimat. Menyerang tanpa balatentara. Menang tanpa merendahkan."

Demikianlah kata-kata mutiara yang tertera pada salah satu batu nisan makam Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono di Sidhomukti Kudus.

Ajaran Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono ini tidak mengajak orang-orang Indonesia jadi orang yang melarat, miskin, tak punya harta, sehingga mudah dipermainkan oleh mereka yang berharta. Tapi sesungguhnya, kembali pada penjelasan bahwa orang kaya itu bukanlah karena banyak harta bendanya, melainkan orang kaya itu adalah orang yang kaya hatinya, yang kaya mentalnya.

“Puji kula mboten sanes namung sugih-sugeng-seneng-ipun sesami.”

Maksudnya, si miskin akan akan tetap jadi miskin atau makin miskin karena bermental miskin.

Bukankah orang kaya itu orang yang sudah tak lagi membutuhkan sesuatu, karena semuanya telah terpenuhi? Meskipun anda tak berharta, tapi anda sudah merasa cukup dengan apa yang anda dapatkan di dunia ini, maka andalah orang kaya itu. Sebaliknya, meskipun anda banyak berharta, tapi anda masih menginginkan dan membutuhkan sesuatu yang begini dan begitu, maka anda bukanlah orang kya, karena anda masih fakir (butuh) dan kebutuhan anda belum tercukupi.

Digdaya Tanpa Aji

“Ajinipun inggih boten sanes namung aji tekad; ilmunipun ilmu pasrah; rapalipun adilipun Gusti.”

Artinya, “Ajiannya tidak lain hanyalah ajian tekad, ilmunya ilmu pasrah, manteranya keadlan Tuhan.”

Perbuatan taat dan meninggalkan maksiat itulah sumber energi yang dapat membuat seseorang sakti mandraguna, disamping kemampuan diri mengekang gejolak syahwat dan dari perintah nafsu yang buruk.
Rumusan beliau “Digdaya tanpa Aji” ada pada tiga tahapan, yaitu :

Tekad
Tekad adalah sifat yang merujuk pada semangat dan keberanian diri dalam menghadapi segala masalah, seperti rekayasa hidup, fitnah dan bujukan dunia. Tekad ada karena ada niat, sementara segala sesuatu itu tergantung pada niatnya. Jika niatnya itu baik, maka baiklah jadinya. Selain itu, dengan tekad manusia dapat menyelesaikan tugas-tugasnya. Tekad bukan berarti spekulasi miring, tapi lebih mengarah pada sikap tidak takut pada apapun dan siapapun, sehingga hasil yang dicapaipun menjadi maksimal. Tekad dapat dijadikan senjata, yakni senjata psikis dalam menghadapi setiap masalah. Oleh karena itu tekad dapat dijadikan ajian, azimat pamungkas dalam segala urusan. Untuk mendapatkan “aji tekad” tidak perlu melakukan laku (tirakat), tidak pula belajar ilmu kanuragan dahulu, tetapi “aji tekad” dapat diperoleh dengan menanam keberanian, kepasrahan, keadilan dan niat yang baik dalam diri.

Pasrah
Ilmu pasrah dapat juga disebut ilmu tawakal. Memasrahkan diri sepenuhnya kepada Yang Maha Kuasa. Ilmu tawakal ini bisa diperoleh dengan menanamkan pemahaman dalam diri bahwa tak ada kuasa dan daya selain kuasa dan daya Tuhan Yang Maha Agung. Hidup dan mati itu urusan Tuhan, sukses dan gagal atas kehendak Tuhan. Intinya, menyerahkan permasalahan hidup ini kepada Tuhan, karena Dialah sebaik-baiknya Wakil. Pasrahkan jiwa dan raga kepada-Nya; Dibalik tawakkal ada keselamatan, karena ketika manusia telah menyerahkan hidup-matinya, segala urusannya kepada Yang Maha Esa, maka Dialah yang akan melindungi dan menyelamatkannya dari bahaya dan bencana.

Keadilan
Keadilan disini adalah lafal, kata/tanda yang disandarkan kepada Tuhan. Keadilan ini sulit didapat dan sulit dipraktekkan, kaena keadilan adalah puncak dari kebaikan. Ketika manusia tak dapat berbuat adil, maka Tuhanlah yang akan memberikan keadilan. Keadilan Tuhan ini sangat menakutkan, karena Yang Maha Adil itu takkan memandang siapa yang akan diadili, sehingga keadilan benar-benar ditegakkan.
Ketika keadilan-Nya telah berbicara, maka kebenaranlah yang ada. Ketika keadilan Tuhan telah menjadi ucapan seseorang dalam denyut kehidupannya, maka kebenaran dan kebaikanlah yang diperolehnya.

“Tanpa aji, tanpa ilmu, kula boten gadhah ajrih, sebab payung kula Gusti kula, tameng kula inggih Gusti kula.”

Artinya, “Tanpa ajian, tanpa ilmu (kanuragan), saya tidak takut, sebab payung atau pelindung saya adalah Tuhan dan perisai saya juga hanya Tuhan.”

Bertempur Tanpa Pasukan

"Ngalurug tanpa Bala" adalah merupakan sebagian kebenaran hidup yang harus dihayati dan diamalkan, karena ungkapan ini merujuk pada istilah berkarya dengan tangan sendiri. Tak perlu bantuan, tak perlu teriak-teriak meminta pertolongan, karena diri pribadi sudah dapat mengatasi apa yang dialami.

Sesungguhnya musuh manusia adalah setan, baik setan manusia maupun setan jin, maka kepada keduanyalah manusia harus melakukan perlawanan. Sekali lagi, setan-setan itulah yang harus dilawan, diperangi, dan kalau bisa, dimusnahkan saja. Dengan bekal teksd dan keberanian yang suci, maka tak ada yang tak dapat dihancurkan, karena semua mahluk akan binasa kecuali Dzat-Nya.
Kasih sayang dapat melunakkan musuh, dapat menolong, dapat dijadikan pelindung, dan dengan tekad asih, kita tidak akan merasa takut terhadap siapapun dan apapun.

"Ingkang kula dalaken dede tekad pamrih, ananging tekad asih."

Artinya, "Yang saya pergunakan bukan tekad pamrih, tapi tekad asih."

"Anglurug tanpa bala, tanpa gaman; Ambedhah, tanpa perang tanpa pedhang."

Maksudnnya, mengejar (musuh) tanpa tentara, tanpa senjata; menundukkan (musuh) tanpa perang tanpa pedang.Tak perlu teman, tak perlu senjata. Hindarilah peperangan, pertarungan, atau kekerasan.
Yakinlah bahwa orang yang berjalan dengan membawa cinta kasih kepada sesama mahluk akan senantiasa mendapatkan pertolongan dan perlindungan Tuhan.

Meskipun manusia tidak mencari masalah atau musuh, permasalahan atau musuh itu datang dengan sendirinya dan akan meniupkan gangguan-gangguan. Akan tetapi, permasalahan dan musuh yang ada di dalam diri kita sendiri. Tekanan batin, penderitaan mental, atau nafsu-nafsu kotor yang menghuni lembah diri kita itulah permasalahan dan musuh kita yang berat lagi membahayakan, karena tak tampak tetapi dapat kita rasakan.

Nafsu-nafsu jahat yang menghuni diri manusia bermacam-macam. Nafsu-nafsu itulah yang pada umumnya membuat manusia menjadi sombong, kikir, dengki, jahat dan segala bentuk sifat buruk sering bercokol dalam dirinya, sehingga kehinaan dan kenestapaanlah yang diperoleh, bukan kemuliaan dan keselamatan. Maka, sangat elegan jika Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono mencetuskan rumusan "Ngalurug tanpa Bala" yang mempunyai muatan ajaran spiritual dalam rangka menghalau segala bentuk keburukan yang ada didalam diri manusia, supaya manusia tidak menjadi hina, karena barang siapa yang dikalahkan dengan hawa nafsunya maka kehinaanlah yang akan bersanding mesra dengannya.

Trimah Mawi Pasrah

"Trimah mawi pasrah.
Suwung pamrih, tebih ajrih.
Langgeng tan ana susah, tan ana seneng.
Antheng mantheng sugeng jeneng."

Artinya, "Menerima dengan pasrah. Tiada pamrih, jauh dari takut. Abadi tiada duka, tiada suka. Tenang memusat, bahagia bertakhta."

Konsep "trimah mawi Pasrah", oleh Drs. R. M. P. Sosrokartono, diperjelas dengan apa yang pernah beliau katakan di bawah ini :

"Ikhlas marang apa sing wes kelakon.
Trimah apa kang dilakoni.
Pasrah marang apa bakal ana."

Artinya, "Ikhlas terhadap apa yang telah terjadi. Menerima apa yang dijalani. Pasrah terhadap apa yang akan ada."

Jadi, selain bergandengan dengan ilmu sabar, ilmu pasrah dan ilmu trimah juga bergandengan dengan ilmu ikhlas, tidak mencari pamrih, tidak karena ingin dipuji, tidak pamer kepada orang lain. Apa yang telah terjadi, biarlah terjadi, karena kepasrahan akan membawa keridhaan, dan keridhaan akan membawa keikhlasan, dan itulah sabar, sebuah sifat yang sangat disukai oleh Tuhan.

"Trimah mawi Pasrah" juga dapat diartikan bahwa manusia hanya dapat berusaha, sedangkan Tuhanlah yang menentukan segalanya. Oleh karena itu, janganlah terlalu menyesali nasib, karena dibalik derita ada bahagia, dibalik kesusahan ada kemudahan. Yang pasrah akan mendapat kemudahan, yang ridha akan mendapatkan ganti, yang sabar akan mendapatkan kemuliaan dan yang ikhlas akan mendapat ketenangan dan kebahagiaan hati.

Suwung Pamrih Tebih Ajrih

" ... Suwung pamrih, suwung ajrih, namung madosi barang ingkang sae, sedaya kula sumanggaken dhateng Gusti ... "

Artinya, " ... Tiada pamrih, tiada takut, hanya mencari sesuatu yang baik, semua saya serahkan kepada Tuhan ... "

"Yen kula ajrih, kenging dipun wastani ngandut pamrih utawi ancas ingkang boten sae."

Artinya, "Jika saya takut, boleh dikatakan (bahwa saya) menyimpan pamrih atau niat yang tidak baik."

"Luh ingkang medal sangking manah punika, dede luh ipun tangis pamrih, nanging luh peresanipun manah suwung pamrih."

Artinya, "Air mata yang keluar dari hati ini, bukanlah air matanya tangis pamrih, tetapi air mata perasan hati yang kosong pamrih."

Ketika anda menangis, menangislah karena syukur dan ikhlas, bukan karena menginginkan imbalan yang tak kunjung tiba. Apalah artinya menantikan imbalan, jika semua yang ada tak mengizinkan. Apalah artinya tangisan hanya gara-gara ingin dipuji, dibalas atau diberi, jika kemuliaan jauh dari kita. Yang terpenting adalah kedamaian, ketentraman, aman, kebahagiaan dan kemuliaan.

Pamrih itu hanya membuat seseorang menjadi penakut, picik, menderita, menjenuhkan, bahkan dapat membuat orang menjadi hina.

Apalah artinya berpegang kepada kesementaraan, jika di alam baka kita dicambuk derita ?!

Padhang Ing Petheng

" ... Wosipun inggih punika ngupadosi padhang ing peteng; seneng ing sengsara, tunggaling sewu yuta ... "

Artinya, "Yang jelas adalah mencari terang di dalam gelap; senang dalam kesengsaraan, ribuan juta contohnya."

Apa saja yang ada di dunia ini relatif. Di bumi ini selalu ada dualisme, seperti padhang-peteng; seneng-sengsara; sehat-sakit; hujan-panas dan lain sebagainya. Demikianlah yang namanya kehidupan. Peteng terus itu tidak ada. Padhang terus juga tidak ada. Seneng terus itu juga tidak ada. Sengsara terus itupun tidak ada. Oleh karena itu, yang bertentangan itu dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan ini. Dengan adanya panjang, kita tahu pendek; dengan adanya sakit, kita bisa merasakan sehat. Dengan mengetahui baik, maka kita tahu apa itu buruk.

Hujan dan panas, keduanya dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan ini. Kalau orang tidak mau peteng dan selalu ingin yang padhang saja, apa jadinya dunia ini? Kapan kita istirahat, kapan kita tidur? Kalau peteng terus, apa saja yang semula tumbuh pasti mati. Sebab tidak terkena sinarnya matahari. Kalau panas terus, bumi ini akan kering kerontang, kematian akan tersebar di muka bumi. Kalau hujan terus, pasti terjadi banjir di mana-mana. Daratan akan tenggelam, kelaparan melanda dunia disertai kematian umat manusia. Dimana-mana yang ada cuma air! Apa jadinya bumi ini?

Senang dan sengsara harus diterima seperti apa adanya, karena kedua-duanya membawa manfaat dan didalamnya ada hikmah yang tersembunyi. Janganlah kita terikat atau terbelenggu oleh senang dan susah. Jika kesengsaraan datang, terimalah. Jika kesenangan datang, sambutlah. Mengapa? Supaya hidup ini dapat dijalani dengan tenang.

Di manapun anda temukan kegelapan, maka terangilah. Di manapun anda temukan kesengsaraan, maka berilah kesenangan. Janganlah berhenti melakukan tugas itu, karena berjuta-juta yang membutuhkan cahaya terang dan sinar kebahagiaan.

Catur Murti

Catur itu empat, sedangkan Murti itu penjelmaan. Jadi yang dimaksudkan adalah empat yang dijelmakan menjadi satu. Menurut Aksan, Catur Murti adalah bersatunya empat faal, yaitu pikiran, perasaan, perkataan dan perbuatan.

Berawal dari keinginan atau kehendak (perasaan), itulah yang menyebabkan berpikir dan tindak lanjutnya adalah berkata, terakhir berbuat. Pikiranlah yang mendorong kita untuk berkata maupun berbuat. Sekarang tergantung kepada pikirannya. Kalau pikirannya baik/benar, maka akan mengeluarkan kata-kata yang baik/benar. Kalau pikirannya baik/benar, akan mendorong untuk berbuat baik/benar. Jika pikirannya jahat/tidak benar, akan mendorong orang untuk berkata yang jahat dan berbuat jahat.

Kebencian jangan diberi kesempatan untuk merajalela di alam pikiran kita. Kita harus menjinakkan kebencian yang ada di dalam pikiran kita, kemudian kita pudarkan atau kita kecilkan, agar pikiran jahat itu dapat kita hilangkan. Kalau sudah begitu, jangan diingat-ingat lagi orang yang pernah membuat anda jadi benci. KAta-katanya, perilakunya, jangan diingat lagi. Dengan berjalannya waktu, anda akan melupakan itu semuanya. Berterima kasihlah kepada Tuhan, karena anda dikaruniai sifat lupa, kalau anda tidak diberi lupa, maka anda akan ingat segala-galanya, apakah anda tidak bertambah pusing?

Ada kalanya kita menggunakan pikiran yang baik, namun masih dianggap kurang cukup. Menggunakan perasaan yang baik pun masih ada kekurangannya.

Sebagai contoh : Anda sedang berjalan dengan seorang teman. Kebetulan teman itu tidak punya uang sama sekali. Dan sama-sama lapar, tetapi uang anda hanya Rp 2000. Anda mampir di warung, nasi satu piring Rp 2000. jadi yang makan hanya anda sendiri. Sebab, uang itu adalah uang anda sendiri dan anda sangat lapar. Teman anda menunggu sambil berdiri, di luar warung. Sampai hatikah anda berbuat begitu?
Contoh lainnya : Uang Rp 2000 anda berikan kepada teman anda, teman anda yang makan. Anda hanya duduk saja di dalam warung, sambil mengamati teman anda yang sedang menikmati makanannya.

Pada contoh yang pertama, anda egoistis. Sekalipun berpikir benar. Pada contoh yang kedua, anda adalah orang gila yang baik hati. Sekalipun berperasaan benar. Nah, coba anda mencari makanan yang harganya Rp 1000 saja. Anda dan teman anda sama-sama dapat makan. Anda makan tidak kenyang, tetapi sudah makan. Teman anda tidak kelaparan. Jadi sebelum anda berbuat, pikiran yang benar harus diselaraskan dengan perasaan yang benar. Artinya, ada unsur penyelarasan. Dengan begitu, dalam konteks tersebut, perbuatan anda adalah "Perbuatan benar".

Dengan demikian, Catur Murti itu merupakan kesatuan, tidak boleh dipisahkan, jangan ambil protholannya saja, ambillah kesatuannya, keseluruhannya. itu baru namanya Catur Murti. Selain itu, Catur Murti bukan hanya sekedar dihafalkan, tapi harus dihayati dan diamalkan. Berlatih Catur murti tanpa berhenti, baru ada manfaatnya. Sehingga menyatu dengan jiwa kita, sehingga kita terbiasakan untuk berpikir benar, berperasaan benar, berkata benar dan berbuat benar. Dalam situai dan kondisi apapun reaksi kita jadi cepat dan dalam mengambil keputusan bisa dengan tepat dan benar.

Tuhan telah memberi kita 2 buah mata, 2 buah telinga dan 1 mulut. 2 buah mata, artinya banyak-banyaklah melihat. 2 buah telinga, artinya banyak-banyaklah mendengar. 1 buah mulut, kalau tidak perlu sebaiknya ditutup. Sebab mulut adalah pintu gerbang yang mendatangkan bahaya.

Benci (kebencian)
Hidup ini jadi tegang dan gelisah. Kebencian dapat melahirkan dendam. Dendam dapat melahirkan ketidaktenangan. Gelisah dan gundah gulana itu juga akibat dari sebuah kebencian.
Serakah
Keserakahan menyebabkan hati kita tertutup. Hati yang tertutup tidak dapat melihat kepentingan orang lain, tidak dapat merasakan penderitaan orang lain. Yang dipikirkan hanya kepentingan, kesenangan dan keselamatan dirinya sendiri.
Iri Hati
Orang yang iri hati selalu merasa tidak senang, jika orang lain senang. Ia tidak merasa bahagia kalau orang lain bahagia. Ia merasa kecil hati melihat orang lain sukses. Orang yang iri hati itu hatinya kerdil, karena ia tidak mau menerima kenyataan dengan lapang dada atau mengakui kesuksesan orang lain, kegembiraan orang lain, kebahagiaan orang lain. Orang iri hati cepat sekali untuk memfitnah orang, menggunjing atau menjelekkan orang lain yang sukses.
Fitnah
Selama kita benar, jangan takut terhadap fitnah. Kalau kita tak berbuat yang neko-neko, kita merasa benar, tak perlu memikirkan fitnah itu. Biarkan saja, diamkan saja dan hadapi dengan kesabaran.
Bodoh (kebodohan)
Bilamana kita sedang marah, sedang membenci, sedang iri hati, sedang serakah, pada saat itu kita dalam keadaan bodoh, yang artinya tidak punya kemampuan untuk mengendalikan diri/lepas kontrol. Saat itu pikiran kita jadi gelap, tidak sadar, tidak bijaksana, kita jadi bodoh (tidak seperti biasanya, cerdas, bijaksana). Karena bodoh, ada kemungkinan kita memukul atau membunuh tanpa kesadaran. Melakukan hal-hal membahayakan untuk diri sendiri dan orang lain, dan kita pun menderita lahir batin. Kita baru sadar, setelah itu semua terjadi. Kesadaran yang datangnya terlambat.

Mutiara-mutiara

"... Kula badhe nyobi prabotanipun wong lanang, inggih punika: bares, mantep, wani. ..."

"... Saya akan mencoba identitas seorang lelaki, yaitu: jujur, mantab, wani ..."

"Boten kenging tiyang jaler ngunduri utawi nyingkiri bebaya utami, saha cidra dhateng pengajeng-ajeng lan kepercadosipun sesami."

Intinya, seorang pemberani jangan takut menghadapi apapun..

"Yen kapergok aja mlayu."

..dan jika bertemu suatu bahaya, jangan lari. (Bertanggungjawab)

"Ing donya mung kebak kangelan, seng ora gelem kangelan aja ing donya."

"Di dunia penuh dengan kesusahan, yang tidak mau susah jangan di dunia."

"Ajinipun inggih boten sanes naming aji tekad, ilmunipun ilmu pasrah, rapalipun adiling Gusti."

Intinya, tak perlu mempelajari ajian-ajian, cukup dengan tekad yang baik, dengan kepasrahan yang benar dan selalu berlindung di bawah sifat adil tuhan.

"Kula bade ngukur dedeg kula, nimbang botin kamantepan, njajagi gayuhanipun budi."

Intinya, di dalam sebuah pengembaraan, sebaiknya seseorang juga perlu mempertimbangkan keyakinan yang dimilikinya dan mendalami raihan budi. Sejauh mana keyakinan dan raihan budinya, dapat dilihat setelah seseorang menjalani pengembaraan, karena di sanalah kedua hal tersebut dapat teruji dan terbukti.

"Pakerti asor numusi anak putu lan mbekta kasengsarane tiyang katah."

Intinya, harus tahu bahwa perbuatan atau akhlak yang buruk dapat terwarisi oleh sang anak dan dapat mendatangkan kesengsaraan orang lain.

"Aja dumeh, tepa slira, ngerti kuwalat."

Intinya, janganlah merasa hebat. Terhadap siapapun harus tenggang rasa. Dan harus tahu kena tuah (semisal hukum karma).

"Wani mengku: anteping ati, kencenging pikir, boboting kekuatane."

Intinya, kemantapan dan kekuatan hati, pikiran yang kuat atau teguh dan bobotnya kekuatan harus dimiliki.

"Nekad: Kekendelan, ngluwihi kekuatan."

Intinya, bertekad bahwa kepastian (di dalam diri) itu melebihi kekuatan.

"Dede tekad pamrih, nanging tekad asih."

Intinya, berdasarkan pada tekad asih, bukan tekad pamrih.

"Tiyang mlampah punika, sangunipun lan gembolanipun satunggal, inggih punika : "maksudipun"."

Intinya, orang berjalan hanya mempunyai satu bekal, yaitu niat.

"Barang sanesipun saged dipun wastani ngriribedi lan ngrawati lampah, kenging dipun wastani ugi : Ngendoni niyat utawi "ngeker ancas lan tujuning lampah"."

Intinya, barang lainnya selain niat yang baik, hanya akan menjadi penghalang dan memperberat langkah, dapat juga dinamakan sesuatu yang bisa mengendorkan niat, bisa memutar tujuan perjalanan. Gara-gara mencari sesuatu yang tak jelas, niat seseorang dapat berubah.

"Ingkang tansah dados ancasipun lampah kula mboten sanes namung sunyi pamrih, puji kula mboten sanes namung sugih, senengipun sesami."

Intinya, dalam menjalankan tugasnya niat beliau tak lain adalah sunyi pamrih, tidak mencari imbalan, sedangkan puji beliau adalah puji cukup, selamat dan kesenangan orang lain.

"Prabot kula boten sanes badan lan budi."

Intinya, atribut yang hanya bisa dibawa kapan saja adalah badan dan budi.

"Nyebar wiji sederekan lan wiji utamining kejawen ing manca negari."

Intinya, benih-benih persaudaraan dan keutamaan orang Jawa-lah yang harus diperjuangkan. Itu jika anda orang Jawa. Jika bukan, ya keutamaan bangsa anda yang harus anda perjuangkan, sebarkan ke mana saja anda berada. Namun yang terpenting disini ialah persaudaraan bukan permusuhan. (Perlu diingat bahwa sewaktu beliau menulis mutiara-mutiara ini, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia belum berdiri.)

"Tumraping kula piyambak, kejawi urun batos, raos, kula kedah wani urun badan, urun dada, urun bahu."

Intinya, memberikan pertolongan kepada sesama, bahkan dalam sebuah pengembaraan, selain menyumbangkan batin dan rasa, juga harus berani menyumbangkan badan, dada dan bahu. Sekujur tubuh, lahir dan batin harus bersedia disumbangkan demi kebahagiaan bersama.

"Ngawula dateng kawulaning Gusti lan memayu ayuning urip, tanpa pamrih tanpa ajrih, jejeg mantep, mawi pasrah. Sebab payung kula Gusti kula, tameng kula inggih Gusti kula."

Intinya, dalam menjalani kehidupan disarankan mengabdikan diri kepada abdinya Tuhan, menyempurnakan kebahagiaan hidup, tanpa pamrih tanpa takut, tegak, mantap dengan jalan tawakkal. Sebab, yang patut dijadikan tempat berlindung dan bergantung hanyalah Tuhan.

"Yen kula mundur sebab ajrih, kula kenging dipun wastani kirang dhateng Gusti."

Intinya, seseorang yang mundur dari sebuah pertempuran (perjalanan dalam hidupan) karena takut, itu dapat dinilai sebagai orang yang kurang pasrah kepada Tuhan.

"Angungkup kabeh, anyandak siji."

Intinya, semuanya harus diraih, tapi hanya satu yang menjadi sumbernya, yaitu ridha Ilahi.

"Ambuka netra, tegesipun anutup netra. Anggelar pemandeng, tegesipun angringkes pemantheng."

Intinya, mata yang dibuka adalah mata yang ditutup. Meluaskan pandangan adalah konsentrasi. Mata bathinlah yang harus diutamakan, agar tidak mudah tergiur oleh gemerlap dunia yang hanyalah semu.

"Perlunipun lan maksudipun inggih punika nyukani urunan piwulang, pitedah lan tulada dhateng para sederek ing ngriki, ingkang asor inggih ingkang luhur, ingkang mlarat ingkang sugih."

Intinya, semua yang dilakukan itu dijadikan pelajaran untuk diri sendiri dan orang lain, sebagai petunjuk bersama, bahwa sesungguhnya yang hina itulah yang luhur, yang miskin itulah yang kaya. Penampilan seseorang tidak dapat dijadikan pertanda, melainkan apakah ada yang baik dibalik penampilan yang baik, atu mungkin orang yang seakan baik tapi berhati jahat.

Quote:
Originally Posted by WitGedhangMabur View Post
" Je moet leren om te doorvoelen.
dat het leven een is, Ti.
Alles is in dat ene.
En dat leven is juist in jou.
Onthou dat.
Alles is in jou.
En jij, je ben in alles. . . . . "
Quote:
Originally Posted by zeth View Post
"Kamu harus belajar untuk merasakan. bahwa kehidupan itu adalah satu, Ti Semuanya ada didalam satuan itu. Dan kehidupan itu justru ada di dalam mu. Ingatlah. Semuanya ada didalam mu Dan kamu, kamu adalah semuanya"
"Ikhlas marang apa sing wis kelakon. Trimah apa kang dilakoni. Pasrah marang apa kang bakal ana. "

Artinya, ikhlas terhadap apa yang telah dijalani. Menerima apa yang sedang dialami. Pasrah terhadap apa yang akan dihadapi.

"Jen kersa njangoni, sampun njangoni uwas, nanging njangoni mantep lan pasrah. Punika sangunipun wong lanang."

Kepustakaan
Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post

* Indy G. Hakim, Tafsir Surat-surat & Mutiara-mutiara Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, (Pustaka Kaona, April 2008)
* Pa' Roesno, Karena Panggilan Ibu Sejati : Riwayat Hidup dari Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, (Djakarta : 1954)
* Panitya Buku Riwayat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, Kempalan Serat-serat : Drs. Sosrokartono, (Surabaya : Panitya Buku Riwayat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, 1992)
* Serat Saking Medan, 12 Mei 1931 dalam Suxmantojo, Kempalan Serat-serat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono
* Serat Saking Binjei, 5 Juli 1931
* Serat Saking Binjei, 9 Juli 1931
* Serat Saking Tanjung Pura (Langkat), 26 Oct. 1931
* Serat Saking Tanjung Pura, 11 Oct. 1931
* Djoko Pring, "Aji Pring", (Binjei, 12 Nov. 1931)
* Djoko Pring, Omong Kosong, (Binjei, 12 Nov. 1931)
* R. Mohammad Ali, Ilmu Kantong Bolong, Ilmu Kantong Kosong, Ilmu Sunji Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono
* Djoko Pring, Lampah lan Maksudipun, (Binjei 12 Nov. 1931)
* Blog Arienda @ http://arienda.livejournal.com/
* Blog Inggra @ http://parandaru.multiply.com/journal/item/1/Coba_direnungkan_saja
* Blog Wib @ http://wib711.multiply.com/photos/album/226
* Artikel Ir. Budi Setiaji di Kedaulatan Rakyat @ http://222.124.164.132/web/detail.php?sid=174451&actmenu=39

Quote:
Originally Posted by Suzaku Musha View Post
sudah tak beredar mas di toko2 buku kaya gitu, saya dapatnya di toko buku bekas dan kuno di Solo.

1. Kempalan serat-serat (Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono), cetakan asli thn.1992

2. Ilmu dan laku, fotokopian thn.88

3. Ilmu kantong kosong, ilmu kantong bolong, ilmu sunji, fotokopian th 66

( > ^ ^)> DOWNLOAD PDF <(^ ^ < )

http://rapidshare.com/files/168155206/KaryaRMPSosrokartono.pdf

" Ikhlas marang apa sing wis kelakon. Trimah apa kang dilakoni. Pasrah marang apa kang bakal ana. "

" Ikhlas terhadap apa yang telah dijalani. Menerima apa yang sedang dialami. Pasrah terhadap apa yang akan dihadapi. "

Saya senang terhadap ajaran beliau, saya pernah ziarah makam beliau di sidomukti kudus dan di makam beliau ada yang jual buku-buku karangan beliau ....... Kala gak salah ada tokoh nasional yang menaungi yayasan khusus untuk mengenang jasa beliau serta melestarikan ajaran beliau sebagai salah satu kekayaan budaya jawa. Menurut salah seorang penggemar ndoro sosrokartono , beliau sangat berjasa bagi bangsa ini antara lain ide pancasila sebenarnya dari beliau....... , pemberitaan tentang keberadaan indonesia di mata internasional adalah berkat jasa beliau. Selain itu beliau juga menjadi ketua volkwagen pertama ( DPR/MPR ). Terakhir saya dengar bahwa gaji beliau selama bertahun-tahun menjadi wartawan belum diambil sampe sekarang dan yang unik adalah selain memiliki kemampuan 35 bahasa baik asing maupun daerah , ketika beliau melakukan pemberitaan selama jadi wartawan bukan dengan saksi mata melainkan dengan kemampuan spiritual beliau.......... Beliau juga terkenal jasanya dengan membantu/mengobat masyarakat berkeliling dengan berbekal nasi aking dan cabe kering. Selain itu rutin melakukan ritual pengusir hama ketika panen menjelang serta menyediakan pengobatan gratis dengan sarana air putih di bandung bahkan ada yang percaya semua area dimensi 100 meter dari beliau akan tawar semua hawa negatif baik yang kasat mata maupun yang tidak. Ada juga yang meyakini bahwa beliau adalah paranormal terhebat pada abad 2000.... Dan desas-desusnya sukarno adalah murid setianya dan pengangkatan kartini sebagai pahlawan adalah untuk menghargai jasa beliau karena beliau tidak mau diagung-agungkan. Mungkin melalui media ini kita generasi muda bisa belajar dari pendahulu kita meski sayangnya sangat sedikit media informasi tentang beliau.......... Beliau juga terkenal dengan caturmurti-nya bicara yang baik , berpikir yang baik , berbuat yang baik dan berperasaan yang baik... CMIIW... Tapi yang mengena di hati adalah ; "Sekti tanpo aji-aji , Ngluruk tanpa bala , menang tan ngasorake"......... Kebetulan saya memiliki guru spiritual yang juga murid beliau dan ternyata kata-kata tersebut bukan merupakan "sekedar petuah" melainkan kunci sebuah ilmu spiritual....

Perjalanan Hidup. Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono lahir pada tanggal 10 April 1877 dan wafat pada tanggal 8 Februari 1952. Berdasarkan sistem kalender Jawa Saka lahir pada tanggal dengan weton kelahiran Rabu Pahing. Tempat kelahirannya di kaki G. Muria - Jawa Tengah, tepatnya di suatu kota kecil bernama Mayong. Sejak masa kanak-kanak sudah tampak bakat supranaturalnya. RA. Kartini, seorang pahlawan nasional yang juga adik kandung dari Sosrokartono menyampaikan suatu cerita yang didengar dari ibunya. Waktu itu Sosrokartono masih berusia 3 tahun. Suatu hari Ibundanya, RMA. Ngasirah melihat Sosrokartono kecil sibuk mengumpulkan mainan-mainannya. Saat ditanya mengapa sibuk mengumpulkan mainan, Sosrokartono kecil menjawab : "Kita akan pindah ke Jepara". Beberapa bulan kemudian, keluarga Sosrokartono pindah dari Mayong-Rembang ke Jepara. Kepindahannya karena Ayahanda Sosrokartono, RM Adipati Aryo Samingoen Sosroningrat mendapat promosi jabatan menjadi Bupati di Jepara. Pada umur 20 tahun, Sosrokartono berangkat ke Eropa untuk belajar di High Technical School di Delft- Belanda. Kemudian pindah ke Universitas Leiden dan mengambil studi tentang Sastra dan Filsafat, namun tidak menyelesaikan disertasinya. Sosrokartono kemudian menjadi koresponden berita harian Amerika The New York Herald. Selama hampir 29 tahun lamanya beliau berkeliling Eropa, utamanya sebagai Jurnalis. Wartawan kawakan Rosihan Anwar menyatakan bahwa Sosrokartono adalah koresponden pertama Indonesia yang meliput Perang Dunia I ( 1914-1918 ). Gajinya saat itu, menurut Mohammad Hatta sebesar US$1 ,250 per bulan. Dengan gaji sebesar itu seseorang dapat hidup bak jutawan, namun Sosrokartono tetap hidup seperti orang biasa tidak bermewah-mewahan. Agar dapat bebas meliput di medan perang, dia diangkat sebagai tentara dan diberi pangkat Mayor oleh Sekutu, tetapi menolak untuk dipersenjatai. Masa setelah perang, Sosrokartono bekerja di Kedutaan Perancis di Hague. Selain itu juga bekerja sebagai penerjemah di Liga Bangsa-Bangsa yang baru dibentuk di Jenewa-Swiss. Kemampuan bahasa Sosrokartono luar biasa, sebagian orang menyatakan dia menguasai secara baik 26 bahasa, tetapi ada yang menyatakan 17 macam bahasa, termasuk bahasa: Latin, Yunani, Rusia, Sansekerta, Cina, Jepang, Arab, Perancis, Belanda, Jerman, Spanyol, Slavia dsb. Hatta pernah menyatakan, Sosrokartono juga lancar menguasai bahasa etnik Basque di Spanyol. Karena kemampuan bahasanya, Sosrokartono diundang dalam Konggres ke-25 Bahasa dan Sastra Belanda di tahun 1899, atas referensi dari mentornya di Universitas Leiden Prof.Dr. J.H.C. Kern. Konggres yang berlangsung di Gent-Belgia ini membahas mengenai keberadaan bahasa dan satra Belanda di berbagai negara. Sewaktu diberi kesempatan berbicara di depan Konggres, Sosrokartono berkata: "Dengan tegas saya menyatakan akan menjadi musuh bagi siapa saja yang akan mengubah kami (Hindia Timur) menjadi orang Eropa atau setengah negara Eropa dan juga siapa saja yang akan menginjak-injak adat dan tradisi kami yang suci dan adiluhung. Selama matahari dan bulan masih bersinar, saya akan menentangnya!" Setelah 29 tahun di Eropa sejak tahun 1897 , Sosrokartono kembali ke Indonesia pada tahun 1926 , kemudian mendirikan perpustakaan "Panti Sastra" di Tegal bersama dengan adik kandungnya RA. Kardinah. Sesuai dengan panggilan hatinya, Sosrokartono kemudian pindah ke Bandung dan mendirikan Darussalam di Jalan Pungkur 7. Selain itu dia juga memimpin Sekolah Menengah Taman Siswa di Bandung. Sesaat sampai di tanah kelahiran yang demikian dicintainya, Pemerintah Kolonial yang kuatir terhadap dirinya menuduh Sosrokartono sebagai komunis. "Itu merupakan fitnah yang sangat jahat yang belum pernah saya alami tetapi saya tidak memiliki kekuatan apapun untuk melawannya," tulis Sosrokartono dalam suratnya kepada Mrs. Abendanon. Selanjutnya dalam surat tersebut Sosrokartono menulis : "Tetapi untukmu, wanita yang terhormat (Mrs. Abendanon), saya bersumpah demi pusara Ayahku dan Kartini bahwa saya tidak pernah memeluk komunisme sebelumnya atau sekarang. Tak ada apapun yang saya inginkan kecuali hanya bekerja untuk mendidik bangsa kami seperti yang Kartini cita-citakan". Selama di Darussalam, tamu-tamu berbagai bangsa tak pernah berhenti datang dan pergi untuk berdiskusi berbagai hal, ataupun meminta pertolongan beliau untuk membantu menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit dan menyelesaikan bermacam masalah kehidupan. Sukarno juga sering terlihat datang untuk belajar bahasa selain berdiskusi mengenai berbagai hal. Kemampuan penyembuhannya diketahui dunia saat di Perancis diminta untuk menyembuhkan seorang anak kecil. Sosrokartono hanya meletakkan tangannya di dahi anak tesebut, dan berdoa; seketika anak kecil tersebut sembuh. Bahkan seorang Paramoedya Ananta Toer yang skeptis terhadap kemampuan spiritual perlu menuliskan dalam "Panggil Aku Kartini" (Hasta Mitra, 1997 ) : disekitar tahun 1930an seorang Dokter berkebangsaan Belanda di Rumah Sakit Umum Jakarta (CBZ, sekarang RSU Dr. Cipto Mangoenkusumo) menuliskan laporan yang berisi kesaksian bahwa Sosrokartono mampu menyembuhkan seorang wanita yang menurut ilmu kedokteran sudah tidak dapat ditolong lagi. Wanita itu sembuh setelah minum air putih pemberian Sosrokartono. Suryatie Ganie, cucu perempuan RA Sulastri Tjokrohadi Sosro yang merupakan saudara tua Sosrokartono menceritakan kemampuan Sosrokartono dalam membaca pikiran orang. Di tanah air selain sibuk menerima tamu yang datang ke Darussalam, Sosrokartono juga sering melakukan perjalanan. Beberapa yang tercatat dalam kumpulan suratnya, dia mendatangi ke berbagai daerah dan kerajaan di Sumatera. Disana melakukan pelayanan penyembuhan terhadap masyarakat dan anggota kerajaan. Banyak kisah menarik yang ditulis dalam surat- suratnya, salah satunya adalah bagaimana sibuknya Raja, Permaisuri dan anggota kerajaan lainnya di Tanah Sumatera tersebut melayani dirinya. Dengan maksud untuk menghormatinya, maka dimasakan sajian khusus ala Jawa oleh Permaisuri, namun dengan halus semua makanan yang enak-enak tersebut ditolak oleh Sosrokartono. Dia lebih memilih makan cabe tiap harinya, dan minum air putih. Seperti disaksikan banyak orang, Sosrokartono hampir setiap saat berpuasa, bila tidak dia hanya minum santan sedikit. Waktu istirahatnya sangat pendek, setiap saat selalu disibukkan oleh orang-orang yang minta tolong disembuhkan dan dipecahkan masalahnya. Dalam melayani, dia tidak pernah membedakan warna kulit, kebangsaan, agama dan kepercayaan. Dia juga dikenal sebagai penyayang binatang dan tumbuhan. Baginya dalam setiap makhluk hidup memiliki percikan Ke-Ilahian dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Sumber : Serat2 RMP.Sosrokartono;

Kaum bangsawan di Belanda menjulukinya Pangeran dari Tanah Jawa, DE Mooie Sos atau Sos yang ganteng. Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono, kakak R.A. Kartini, selama 29 tahun, sejak 1897, mengembara ke Eropa. Ia bergaul dengan kalangan intelektual dan bangsawan di sana. Mahasiswa Universitas Leiden itu kemudian menjadi wartawan perang Indonesia pertama pada Perang Dunia I. R.M. Sosrokartono lahir pada tanggal 10 April 1877 di Mayong. Beliau adalah anak ketiga dari delapan bersaudara putra pasangan Bupati Jepara, R.M. Aryo Sosroningrat dengan Mas Ajeng Ngasirah. Ia kakak kandung R.A. Kartini yang paling disayangi. Setelah menamatkan Hogere Burger School (setingkat SMA) di Semarang. Menurut artikel Koentjoro Purbopranoto berjudul Ter nagedachtenis van Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono (Pemikiran-pemikiran Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono) yang dimuat dalam majalah Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde vol. 129 (1973), awalnya ia masuk sekolah teknik di Delft. Tidak betah, ia pindah ke fakultas sastra dan filsafat di Leiden. Untuk masuk ke Leiden ia harus menempuh ujian negara di bidang bahasa Latin dan Yunani. Ketika dirinya pindah ke Belanda untuk meneruskan kuliah, RA Kartini adalah orang yang paling kehilangan. Selama di Belanda, RA Kartini selalu menceritakan dan meminta pendapat dari kakaknya tersebut. DE Mooie Sos atau Sos yang ganteng. Begitulah Raden Mas Panji Sosrokartono dipanggil semasa tinggal di Eropa selama 29 tahun. Panggilan lain: De Javanese Prins atau Pangeran dari Tanah Jawa. Kecakapan Sosrokartono dalam berbahasa dan bergaul adalah faktor utama yang menyebabkan orang-orang asing cepat berteman dengannya. Seniman Belanda Van Eeden dalam buku hariannya 4 Mei 1915 menulis perihal kekagumannya pada Sosrokartono. "Ia orang Jawa yang simpatik, sangat terpelajar. Ia sama sekali tidak tertutup atau pendiam. Saya lebih merasakannya sebagai bangsa saya sendiri daripada gerombolan Eropa yang berkeluyuran di Scheveningen itu," tulis Van Eeden seperti dikutip Elisabeth Keesing dalam Betapa Besar Pun Sebuah Sangkar: Hidup, Suratan dan Karya Kartini terbitan PT Djambatan perwakilan KITLV pada 1996. Pembimbing utama Kartono di Leiden adalah Profesor Dr Johan Hendrik Kern, seorang Orientalis. Ia segera menjadi murid kesayangan Kern. Meski baru pindah kampus, Kern sudah menyuruhnya bicara di Kongres Sastra Belanda di Gent, Belgia, pada September 1899. Kartono membawakan pidato Het Nederlandsch in Indie (Bahasa Belanda di Hindia Belanda). Seruan patriotik agar Belanda mengajarkan bahasanya lebih luas bagi rakyat Jawa itu dimuat di majalah bulanan Neerlandia sebulan kemudian. Nama lain seperti Van Vollenhoven, guru besar ilmu hukum di Leiden dan ahli Sanskerta Speyer, serta guru besar De Groot dan Niewenhuis ikut mengajarnya, selain juga ahli bahasa Arab dan agama Islam, Snouck Hurgronje. Saat menerima gelar doctorandus dalam bidang sastra dan bahasa, Keesing menyebutkan Kartono memakai topi bulat dan kerah tinggi, laiknya politisi pada masa itu. Semua literatur tentang Kartono menyinggung kemampuannya yang luar biasa dalam bidang bahasa. Siti Soemandari dalam Biografi Kartini menyebut kemampuan bahasa Kartono mencapai 17 bahasa asing. Buku Drs. RMP Sosrokartono, Sebuah Biografi karya Solichin Salam (terbitan Yayasan Pendidikan Sosrokartono, 1979) menambah sepuluh bahasa Tanah Air ke jumlah itu. "Kemampuan inilah yang membantu perjalanan hidupnya di Eropa di kemudian hari," Koentjoro menulis. Studinya belum lagi selesai di Belanda ketika Kartono merantau ke Belgia, Jerman, Prancis, Swiss, dan Austria sebagai koresponden harian Amerika The New York Herald selama Perang Dunia I (1914-1918). Buku Mono Perjuangan Jiwa Besar Kaliber Internasional, Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono karangan Ki Sumidi Adisasmita terbitan 1972 menyebut, Kartono menjadi satu-satunya mahasiswa yang lulus tes koran itu. Ia dites menerjemahkan artikel panjang menjadi satu kolom berisi 27 kata dalam bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Rusia. The New York Herald adalah koran yang diterbitkan di New York dan bertahan hidup dari 1835 sampai 1924. Pada Perang Dunia I, koran ini juga terbit dalam edisi Eropa. Surat kabar ini kemudian melakukan merger dengan The New York Tribune, menjadi The New York Herald Tribune yang terbit sampai hari ini. Ketika bertugas dalam medan perang, Kartono diberi pangkat mayor oleh pihak Sekutu. Tapi ia menolak membawa senjata. "Saya tidak akan menyerang orang, karena itu saya pun tak akan diserang. Jadi apa perlunya membawa senjata?" kata Kartono, seperti dikutip dalam naskah Drs. RMP Sosrokartono, Sarjono-Satrya Pinandita karya Amin Singgih. Salah satu keberhasilan Kartono sebagai wartawan perang adalah ketika ia memuat hasil perundingan antara Jerman yang kalah perang dan Prancis yang menang perang. Perundingan antara Stresman yang mewakili Jerman dan Foch yang mewakili Prancis itu berlangsung secara rahasia di sebuah gerbong kereta api di hutan Campienne, Prancis, dan dijaga sangat ketat. Nama penulis berita itu tak disebutkan, selain kode tiga bintang, kode samaran Kartono. Kemampuan bahasa Kartono juga mengantarnya menjadi juru bahasa tunggal di Volken Bond atau Liga Bangsa-Bangsa, tak lama setelah Perang Dunia I usai. Tapi Amin Singgih mengutip kegeraman Kartono terhadap politik organisasi cikal bakal PBB itu, yang ia nilai tak netral. Dia meninggalkan Jenewa, tempat Volken Bond bermarkas, dan pindah ke Prancis untuk menjadi mahasiswa pendengar di Universitas Sorbonne, jurusan psikometri dan psikoteknik. Kartono tertarik mempelajari ilmu kejiwaan setelah mendapat rekomendasi dari seorang dokter di Jenewa. Kebetulan dokter itu melihat Kartono menyembuhkan seorang anak kerabatnya, berusia 12 tahun, yang tak sadarkan diri setelah terserang demam tinggi. Sang dokter kemudian menganjurkannya sekolah di Sorbonne. Tapi Kartono tak lama kuliah di Sorbonne. Pada 1921, pemerintah Prancis mengangkatnya sebagai pegawai tinggi dengan jabatan atase Kedutaan Besar Prancis di Den Haag. Kartono membawa pulang surat pengangkatannya dan menunjukkannya kepada Ki Sumidi pada 1931. Di periode 1920-an inilah Ki Sumidi menyebut Kartono telah menerima banyak uang hingga puluhan ribu poundsterling. Uang itu tersimpan di bank Swiss. "Hingga sekarang tak ada yang mengurus," Ki Sumidi menulis. Cerita ini paralel dengan cerita Dahlan Abdullah kepada Mohammad Hatta. Wakil presiden pertama RI itu dalam buku Memoir terbitan Tirta Mas Indonesia pada 1979 menulis, menurut Dahlan, pendapatan Sosrokartono pada masa itu mencapai US$ 1.250 per bulan. "Dengan gaji sebanyak itu, ia dapat hidup sebagai miliuner di Wina," tulis Hatta. Namun berita tentang kekayaan di bank Swiss ini bertolak belakang dengan perkara utang Kartono yang disinggung Keesing. Sumber beritanya adalah pasangan Abendanon. Dan dari mereka pula berita tentang utang-utang Kartono sampai ke Jepara (baca: Hurgronje dan Sang Kakak yang Malang). Hatta mengetahui cerita Kartono dalam perjalanannya bersama Dahlan ke Wina pada Januari 1922. Menurut Dahlan, ada seorang Indonesia yang sudah lama tinggal di Wina, yakni kakak almarhum Raden Ajeng Kartini. Dahlan mengatakan, "Sosrokartono sangat pintar dan tergolong manusia jenial." Dalam Memoir Hatta yang memuat penuturan Dahlan juga menyebut bahwa Sosrokartono tak pernah ikut serta dalam Indische Vereeniging, cikal bakal Perhimpunan Indonesia. Dahlan pun tak merasa perlu mengajak Hatta mengunjungi seniornya itu di Wina. Padahal di semua literatur tentang Sosrokartono, kakak Kartini itu disebut ikut mendirikan Indische Vereeniging di Belanda pada awal abad ke-20 itu. Solichin Salam mengutip dokumen pendirian Indische pada 1908berubah nama menjadi Indonesische Vereeniging (1922) dan Perhimpunan Indonesia (1925)yang membubuhkan nama Sosrokartono bersama Hussein Djajadiningrat, Noto Soeroto, Notodiningrat, dan Soemitro Kolopaking di antaranya. Buku tipis Drs. RMP Sosrokartono, Menumbuhkan Sikap Patriotisme, Membangun Karakter Bangsa karya Aksan (terbitan Grasindo, 2005) mengutip saat Indonesische mengirim buku Sumbangsih kepada Boedi Oetomo, nama Sosrokartono terdapat di redaksi penyusun buku. Namanya juga tercantum dalam daftar dewan redaksi harian Bintang Timoer yang terbit di Belanda pada 1903, pimpinan Drs. Abdoel Rivai. Perjalanan Sosro berakhir di Southampton, Inggris, saat ia menulis surat perpisahan kepada pasangan Abendanon dari kapal Grotius, 5 Juli 1925. Surat ini beserta dua surat lainnya dimuat di Surat-surat Adik R.A. Kartini terbitan Djambatan 2005. Dalam surat itu, De Mooie Sos yang tengah berada dalam perjalanan pulang ke Jawa memohon maaf tak sempat berpamitan kepada pasangan Abendanon yang tinggal di Amsterdam. Di Jawa, kata Kartono, "Saya bertekad memperbaiki dan menyelamatkan kehidupan saya. Ada keinginan dan kemauan, dan di atas itu ambisi, untuk menyumbangkan pengalaman-pengalaman yang telah saya dapat kepada bangsa saya." Pulang ke Indonesia pada 1926, ia dituduh komunis oleh pemerintah jajahan. Sosrokartono kemudian memilih mendirikan perpustakaan ?Panti Sastra? di Tegal bersama sang adik, R.A. Kardinah. Kemudian ia menetap di Bandung, mendirikan perpustakaan Dar-es-salam di Jalan Pungkur 7. Ia juga diangkat sebagai Kepala Sekolah Nationale Middelbare School (Sekolah Menengah Nasional) oleh para aktivis Taman Siswa. Di perpustakaan itulah Sosrokartono kerap didatangi Soekarno, yang ingin belajar bahasa padanya. Ia memiliki bakat supernatural sejak usia 3 tahun. Adik-adik Kartini yang mendengar kisah sang ibu menceritakan, pada suatu hari Sosrokartono mengumpulkan benda-benda mainannya. Waktu ditanya mengapa ia mengumpulkan mainannya, ia menjawab, ?Mau pindah ke Jepara.? Beberapa bulan kemudian keluarga Sosroningrat pindah dari Mayong Rembang ke Jepara lantaran ayah Sosrokartono itu diangkat dari jabatan Wedana Mayong menjadi Bupati Jepara. Ketika masih di Prancis, Sosrokartono pernah dimintai tolong menyembuhkan seorang anak yang sakit. Sosrokartono hanya meletakkan tangan di dahi si anak dan membaca doa, sang anak sembuh. Dalam Panggil Aku Kartini Saja (Hasta Mitra, Jakarta, 1997), Pramoedya Ananta Toer menuliskan, pada 1930-an seorang dokter Belanda di RSUP (CBZ) Jakarta menulis laporan dalam salah satu koran tentang pengalamannya menyaksikan Sosrokartono menyembuhkan wanita melahirkan yang menurut para dokter tak tertolong lagi. Wanita itu sembuh setelah minum air putih yang diberikan Sosrokartono. Kemampuan menyembuhkan kemudian semakin berkembang ketika Sosrokartono tinggal di Bandung. Ia juga pernah diundang Sultan Langkat untuk mengobati anggota keluarga kerajaan yang sakit. Sisi spiritual Sosrokartono, termasuk memberikan ajaran-ajaran hidup dalam bahasa Jawa, di kemudian hari melahirkan para ?pengikut?. Paguyuban Sosrokartanan, komunitas pencinta Sosrokartono, kini telah ada di empat kota: Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Semarang, dan Surabaya. Pada setiap pengobatan, Kartono biasanya memberikan air putih dan secarik kertas bertulisan huruf Alif (singkatan dari Allah) kepada pasien. Kartini Pudjiarto masih menyimpan lukisan sederhana berbingkai kayu yang berisi goresan Alif di kertas putih pemberian Eyang Sosro. "Katanya buat jaga-jaga," ujar Kartini. Ada pula secarik kertas putih yang berisi nasihat Eyang Sosro bertulisan "Sugih tanpa banda / Digdaya tanpa aji / Nglurug tanpa bala / Menang tanpa ngasorake" (Kaya tanpa harta/ Sakti tanpa azimat/ Menyerbu tanpa pasukan/ Menang tanpa merendahkan yang dikalahkan) yang ditempel dengan selotip di dinding. Ia juga menyimpan tongkat Kartono, yang merupakan jatah warisan keluarga yang dibagi-bagi setelah sang eyang meninggal. Air putih, huruf Alif, nasihat-nasihat hidup yang ia tulis dalam bahasa Jawa, dan laku berpuasa berhari-hari, adalah bagian dari "wajah mistik" Sosrokartono, orang Indonesia pertama yang terjun ke medan peperangan di Perang Dunia I di Eropa sebagai wartawan. Ucapan-ucapan Sosrokartono
• Saya minta dengan sangat dan bersungguh-sungguh, hendaklah kepada insulinde ditumpahkan cinta kasih, cinta kasih yang wajib diberikan kepadanya sebagai hak miliknya. Hai, kamu bangsa penjajah, pada tangan kirimu kamu menggenggam lambang utusan/ajaran untuk damai di antara sesama manusia, dengan tangan kananmu kamu memegang tongkat lambang peradaban, maka dari itu hidupkanlah rasa persaudaraan antara bangsamu dan bangsa yang engkau jajah!? - Pidato Sosrokartono dalam Kongres ke-25 Bahasa dan Sastra Belanda di Gent, Belgia, 29 Agustus 1899.
• Masih saja ada orang yang, meski telah memiliki masa dinas di Hindia selama bertahun-tahun, tidak mengambil pelajaran dari situ dan beranggapan dapat memperlakukan tiap orang pribumi sebagai kuli?. Birokrat-birokrat dan otokrat-otokrat yang telah ?jatuh ke atas? (orang tak berbobot yang naik menduduki jabatan tinggi) tidak kami butuhkan di Hindia. - Surat Sosrokartono kepada Tuan dan Nyonya Abendanon, 14 Juli 1925.
• Nun di suatu masa nanti, Terusan Suez bakal bermandikan darah, tapi yang berkobar dahsyat di Benua Asia dan Afrika. Akhirnya kedua benua akan berpaut menyatu-padu di kota ini.?--Ucapan Sosrokartono pada usia 40 tahun dalam Wajah Bandung Tempo Doeloe karangan Haryoto Kunto.
• Sampaikan kepada Bung Karno, Dik, bahwa perjuangan kemerdekaan ini memerlukan waktu yang lama, akan banyak berjatuhan korban, diiringi oleh kerusuhan-kerusuhan dan kekacauan, tetapi akhirnya Indonesia merdeka juga. Saya akan membantu, tetapi Bung Karno harus eling? - Ucapan Sosrokartono kepada Dr R. Suharto, dokter pribadi Bung Karno, suatu malam menjelang kemerdekaan Indonesia, dalam Dr R. Suharto Saksi Sejarah terbitan PT. Gunung Agung, Jakarta.
• Sugih tanpa banda, Digdaya tanpa aji, Nglurug tanpa bala, Menang tanpa ngasorake? (Kaya tanpa harta, Sakti tanpa azimat, Menyerbu tanpa pasukan, Menang tanpa merendahkan yang dikalahkan)

Begawan Ciptoning, itulah nama yang tepat bagi eyang sosro kartono. Beliau sudah banyak mengajarkan kepada kita tentang bahayanya permainan pikiran. Bukankah hidup ini hanya sekedar permainan pikiran? pikiran akan melahirkan keinginan, keinginan adalah sebab dan semua sebab pasti akan berakibat. SUDAMALA KARMAPALA WIBHANGGA, "AKU ADALAH PEWARIS KARMA KU, TERLAHIR DAN TERHUBUNG DENGAN KARMA KU. SUKA DUKA DAN SEGENAP RASA YANG ADA DALAM HIDUP KU ADALAH BUAH HASIL ATAS KARMA KU. KARMAKU TIDAK KUBELI DARI SIAPAPUN MELAINKAN KUWARISI DARI SIKAP DAN PERBUATAN KU"

Sejatine tan ono opo-opo, sabab sing ono iku sejatine dudu.
Urip pindo ilining banyu. Manjing manuksma jroning suwung, wruh waspodo mring mubah mosiking bawono. Waskito, wibowo, wicaksono.
Om namo hyang maha adi budhaya.

"sejatinya semua adalah kosong, karena semua itu hanya ilusi.
Hidup laksana air yang mengalir. Bersatulah dalam keheningan, mewaspadai segenap perubahan yang terjadi di alam. sadar, wibawa, bijaksana. Om namo hyang maha adi budhaya."

Kepustakaan

* Indy G. Hakim, Tafsir Surat-surat & Mutiara-mutiara Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, (Pustaka Kaona, April 2008)
* Pa' Roesno, Karena Panggilan Ibu Sejati : Riwayat Hidup dari Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, (Djakarta : 1954)
* Panitya Buku Riwayat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, Kempalan Serat-serat : Drs. Sosrokartono, (Surabaya : Panitya Buku Riwayat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono, 1992)
* Serat Saking Medan, 12 Mei 1931 dalam Suxmantojo, Kempalan Serat-serat Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono
* Serat Saking Binjei, 5 Juli 1931
* Serat Saking Binjei, 9 Juli 1931
* Serat Saking Tanjung Pura (Langkat), 26 Oct. 1931
* Serat Saking Tanjung Pura, 11 Oct. 1931
* Djoko Pring, "Aji Pring", (Binjei, 12 Nov. 1931)
* Djoko Pring, Omong Kosong, (Binjei, 12 Nov. 1931)
* R. Mohammad Ali, Ilmu Kantong Bolong, Ilmu Kantong Kosong, Ilmu Sunji Drs. R.M.P. Sosrokartono
* Djoko Pring, Lampah lan Maksudipun, (Binjei 12 Nov. 1931)
* Blog Arienda @ http://arienda.livejournal.com/
* Blog Inggra @ http://parandaru.multiply.com/journal/item/1/Coba_direnungkan_saja
* Blog Wib @ http://wib711.multiply.com/photos/album/226
* Artikel Ir. Budi Setiaji di Kedaulatan Rakyat @ http://222.124.164.132/web/detail.php?sid=174451&actmenu=39

Masutatsu (Mas) Oyama - Kyokushin Karate Founder

2009-12-21T20:22:00.008+07:00

An early start

Masutatsu (Mas) Oyama was born Yong I-Choi on the 27th of July, 1923, in a village not far from Gunsan in Southern Korea. At a relatively young age he was sent to Manchuria, in Southern China, to live on his sister's farm. At the age of nine, he started studying the Southern Chinese form of Kempo called Eighteen hands from a Mr. Yi who was at the time working on the farm. When Oyama returned to Korea at the the age of 12, he continued his training in Korean Kempo.

In 1938, at the age of 15, he travelled to Japan to train as an aviator, to be like his hero of the time, Korea's first fighter pilot. Survival on his own at that age proved to be more difficult than he thought, especially as a Korean in Japan, and the aviator training fell by the wayside.

Gichin Funakoshi

He did however continue martial arts training, by participating in judo and boxing, and one day he noticed some students training in Okinawan Karate. This interested him very much and he went to train at the dojo of Gichin Funakoshi at Takushoku University, where he learned what is today known as CyberDojo home pages.

His training progress was such that by the age of seventeen he was already a 2nd dan, and by the time he entered the Japanese Imperial Army at 20, he was a fourth dan. At this point he also took a serious interest in judo, and his progress there was no less amazing. By the time he had quit training in Judo.

So Nei Chu

The defeat of Japan and the subsequent indignity of Occupation almost proved to be too much for Mas Oyama, who nearly despaired. Fortunately for all of us, So Nei Chu came into his life at that time. Master So, another Korean (from Oyama's own province) living in Japan, was one of the highest authorities on Goju Ryu in Japan at the time. He was renowned for both his physical and spiritual strength. It was he who encouraged Mas Oyama to dedicate his life to the Martial Way. It was he too who suggested that Oyama should retreat away from the rest of the world for 3 years while training his mind and body.

Mountain Training

When he was 23 years old, Mas Oyama met Eiji Yoshikawa, the author of the novel Musashi, which was based on the life and exploits of Japan's most famous Samurai. Both the novel and the author helped to teach Mas Oyama about the Samurai Bushido code and what it meant. That same year, Oyama went to Mt. Minobu in the Chiba Prefecture, where Musashi had developed his Nito-Ryu style of swordfighting. Oyama thought that this would be an appropriate place to commence the rigours of training he had planned for himself. Among the things he took with him was a copy of Yoshikawa's book. A student named Yashiro also came with him.

The relative solitude was strongly felt, and after 6 months, Yashiro secretly fled during the night. It became even harder for Oyama, who wanted more than ever to return to civilisation. So Nei Chu wrote to him that he should shave off an eyebrow in order to get rid of the urge. Surely he wouldn't want anyone to see him that way! This and other more moving words convinced Oyama to continue, and he resolved to become the most powerful karate-ka in Japan.

Soon however, his sponsor informed him that he was no longer able to support him and so, after fourteen months, he had to end his solitude.

A few months later, in 1947, Mas Oyama won the karate section of the first Japanese National Martial Arts Championships after WWII. However, he still felt empty for not having completed the three years of solitude. He then decided to dedicate his life completely to karate-do. So he started again, this time on Mt. Kiyozumi, also in Chiba Prefecture. This site he chose for its spiritually uplifting environment.

This time his training was fanatical — 12 hours a day every day with no rest days, standing under (cold) buffeting waterfalls, breaking river stones with his hands, using trees as makiwara, jumping over rapidly growing flax plants hundreds of times each day. Each day also included a period of study of the ancients classics on the Martial arts, Zen, and philosophy.

After eighteen months he came down fully confident of himself, and able to take control of his life. Never again would he be so heavily influenced by his society around him. (Though it is probably safe to say that his circumstances were also probably never again as traumatic!)

Bulls, Challengers, and the Godhand

In 1950, Sosai (the founder) Mas Oyama started testing (and demonstrating) his power by fighting bulls. In all, he fought 52 bulls, three of which were killed instantly, and 49 had their horns taken off with knife hand blows. That it is not to say that it was all that easy for him. Oyama was fond of remembering that his first attempt just resulted in an angry bull. In 1957, at the age of 34, he was nearly killed in Mexico when a bull got some of his own back and gored him. Oyama somehow managed to pull the bull off and break off his horn. He was bedridden for 6 months while he recoverd from the usually fatal wound. Today of course, the animal rights groups would have something to say about these demonstrations, despite the fact that the animals were already all destined for slaughter.

In 1952, he travelled the United States for a year, demonstrating his karate live and on national televison. During subsequent years, he took on all challengers, resulting in fights with 270 different people. The vast majority of these were defeated with one punch! A fight never lasted more than three minutes, and most rarely lasted more than a few seconds. His fighting principle was simple — if he got through to you, that was it.

If he hit you, you broke. If you blocked a rib punch, you arm was broken or dislocated. If you didn't block, your rib was broken. He became known as the Godhand, a living manifestation of the Japanese warriors' maxim Ichi geki, Hissatsu or "One strike, certain death". To him, this was the true aim of technique in karate. The fancy footwork and intricate techniques were secondary (though he was also known for the power of his head kicks).

It was during one of his visits to the United States that Mas Oyama met Jacques Sandulescu, a big (190 cm and 190 kg of muscle) Romanian who had been taken prisoner by the Red Army at the age of 16, and sent to the coal mines as a slave labourer for two years. They quickly became friends and remained so for the rest of Oyama's life, and Jacques still trains and acts as advisor to the IKO(1) to this day. You can read a short biography of his on this site or read his autobiography at http://donbas.com.

Oyama Dojo

In 1953, Mas Oyama opened his first "Dojo", a grass lot in Mejiro in Tokyo. In 1956, the first real Dojo was opened in a former ballet studio behind Rikkyo University, 500 meters from the location of the current Japanese honbu dojo (headquarters). By 1957 there were 700 members, despite the high drop-out rate due to the harshness of training.

Practitioners of other styles came to train here too, for the jis-sen kumite (full contact fighting). One of the original instructors, Kenji Kato, has said that they would observe those from other styles, and adopt any techniques that "would be good in a real fight". This was how Mas Oyama's karate evolved. He took techniques from all martial arts, and did not restrict himself to karate alone.

The Oyama Dojo members took their kumite seriously, seeing it primarily as a fighting art, so they expected to hit and to be hit. With few restrictions, attacking the head was common, usually with the palm heel or towel-wrapped knuckles. Grabs, throws, and groin attacks were also common. Kumite rounds would continue till one person loudly conceded defeat. Injuries occurred on a daily basis and the drop out rate was high (over 90%). They had no official do-gi and wore whatever they had.

Bobby Lowe

In 1952, Mas Oyama gave a demonstration in Hawaii. A young Bobby Lowe saw him and was stunned by the power Oyama demonstrated. It was not as though Bobby Lowe was inexperienced in martial arts. Though still quite young, his achievements to date were not much less than those of Mas Oyama himself. His father had been a Kung Fu instructor, and he had participated in any fighting art he could find. By the age of 23, he was yondan in judo, nidan in kempo, shodan in aikido, and a highly regarded welterweight boxer.

It was not long before Bobby Lowe became the first Kyokushin uchi deshi or "live-in student" of Mas Oyama's. He trained daily with Mas Oyama for one and a half years. Eventually, an uchi deshi's time became "1000 days for the beginning". These uchi deshi became known as Wakajishi, or the "Young Lions" of Mas Oyama and only a few of the hundreds of applicants were chosen each year for the privilege of training full time under the Master.

In 1957, Bobby Lowe returned to Hawaii to open the first School of Oyama outside Japan.

The beginning of Kyokushin

The current World Headquarters were officially opened in June 1964, where the name Kyokushin, meaning "Ultimate truth" was adopted. In the same year the International Karate Organization (IKO) was established. From then, Kyokushin continued to spread to more than 120 countries, and registered members exceed 10 million making it one of the largest martial arts organisations in the world. Among the the better known Kyokushin yudansha (black belts) are Sean Connery (Honorary shodan), Dolph Lundgren (sandan, former Australian heavyweight champion), and President Nelson Mandela of South Africa (Honorary hachidan), and most recently (June 1988), the Australian Prime Minister, John Howard (Honorary godan) who was awarded the grade at the official opening of the Sydney Kyokushin dojo.

The End?

Sadly, Sosai Mas Oyama died, of Akiyoshi Matsui in charge of the organisation. This has had many political and economic ramifications throughout the Kyokushin world, which are still being resolved. In the end, the result may well be a splintering of Kyokushin, much like Shotokan now appears to have done, with each group claiming to be the one-and-only true heir of Mas Oyama's Kyokushin, either spiritually or even financially. It has even been suggested, not entirely in jest, by one Kyokushin writer in Australia (Harry Rogers) that maybe Oyama created the turmoil on purpose, because he didn't want Kyokushin to survive without him! It is however reasonably certain that all Kyokushin groups, regardless of their ultimate allegiance, will still maintain the standards set by Mas Oyama.

Maybe a Kyokushin diaspora will be a good thing, since in all good families, some of the children eventually do leave home and start their own families. Some of the splinter groups may remain faithful to the Kyokushin principles, such as Hanshi Steve Arneil in Great Britain did in 1991. Many others, such as Shigeru Oyama in the U.S., have taken it further by developing their own style based on Kyokushin.

Today, the IKO, headed by Kancho Shokei Matsui, is the largest karate organization in the world with over twelve million members in 135 countries

Mas Oyama's Brief History

July 27th, 1923, born in Southern Korea.

Learns Chinese Fist of Chakuriki in the land of Manchuria.
He was 9 years old.

1938, becomes student under Master Gichin Funakoshi of Shotokan
Karate.

1946, enters the mountain for training.

1947, becomes the champion of All Japan Karate-do Tournament.

He studies Goju-ryu Karate extensively under Master Gogen Yamaguchi, and becomes Vice Chairman in the organization, holding 9th Dan degree.

1948, enters the mountain alone for 18 months of training.

1950, starts training against the live bulls, living beside the cattle
butchery. Out of 47 bulls, 4 killed in instant.

1952, visits America for Karate instructions and demonstrations in 32
locations. Has 7 times of real matches.

1953, visits America, he fights against a bull in Chicago, where he
breaks its horn by Shuto strike (knife hand).

1955, goes all around South America and Europe with Bepford Davy,
President of Chrysler Corp. He fights numerous mix matches.

1956, starts small Oyama Dojo at an old ballet studio.

1957, fights against a bull in Mexico City.

1958 January, publishes "What is Karate" which becomes a best seller of 500,000
copies.

September, invited by FBI in Washington D.C. for Karate
instructions and demonstrations.

October, invited by West Point Military Academy for Karate
instructions and demonstrations.

1964, Thai Boxing challenges Karate-do, where Oyama Dojo alone accepts.
3 matches 2 wins.

1971, though a popular comic book series "Karate Baka Ichidai," and the
movie "World's Strongest Karate" in 1975, his name and of
Kyokushin become known all over Japan.

1975, helds Kyokushin Kai's First World Karate-do Open Tournament.

April 26, 1994. Dies of lung cancer at the age of 70.

In addition to described above, he visits elsewhere researching and fighing real matches against other Martial Arts of the world. Kyokushin as the largest Karate organization, he has students numbered 12,000,000 in 140 nations worldwide. He is also noted for starting the Full-Contact, Bare-Knuckle tournament system.

Source : http://www.masutatsuoyama.com/masoyama.htm

The 47 Ronin: A Japanese Samurai Story

2009-12-03T21:02:00.007+07:00

Forty-six warriors stealthily crept up to the mansion and scaled the walls. A drum sounded in the night, "boom, boom-boom." The ronin launched their attack.

The tale of the 47 Ronin is one of the most famous in Japanese history - and it is a true story.

Background to the Story of the 47 Ronin:

During the Tokugawa era in Japanese history, the country was ruled by the shogun, or highest military official, in the name of the emperor. Under him were a number of regional lords, the daimyo, each of whom employed a contingent of samurai warriors.

All of these military elites were expected to follow the code of bushido - the "way of the warrior." Among the demands of bushido were loyalty to one's master, and fearlessness in the face of death.

The 47 Ronin, or the Faithful Retainers:

In 1701, the emperor Higashiyama sent imperial envoys from his seat at Kyoto to the shogun's court at Edo (Tokyo). A high shogunate official, Kira Yoshinaka, served as master of ceremonies for the visit. Two young daimyo, Asano Naganori of Ako and Kamei Sama of Tsumano, were in the capital performing their alternate attendance duties, so the shogunate gave them the task of looking after the emperor's envoys.

Kira was assigned to train the daimyo in court etiquette. Asano and Kamei offered gifts to Kira, but the official considered them totally inadequate and was furious. He began to treat the two daimyo with contempt.

Kamei was so angry about the humiliating treatment he wanted to kill Kira, but Asano preached patience. Fearful for their lord, Kamei's retainers secretly paid Kira a large sum of money, and the official began to treat Kamei better. He continued to torment Asano, however, until the young daimyo could not endure it.

When Kira called Asano a "country bumpkin without manners" in the main hall, Asano drew his sword and attacked the official. Kira suffered only a shallow wound to his head, but shogunate law strictly forbade anyone from drawing a sword within Edo castle. The 34-year old Asano was ordered to commit seppuku.

After Asano's death, the shogunate confiscated his domain, leaving his family impoverished and his samurai reduced to the status of ronin.

Ordinarily, samurai were expected to follow their master into death rather than facing the dishonor of being a masterless samurai. Forty-seven of Asano's 320 warriors, however, decided to remain alive and seek revenge.

Led by Oishi Yoshio, the 47 Ronin swore a secret oath to kill Kira at any cost. Fearful of just such an event, Kira fortified his home and posted a large number of guards.

The Ako ronin bided their time, waiting for Kira's vigilance to relax.

To help put Kira off his guard, the ronin scattered to different domains, taking menial jobs as merchants or laborers. One of them married into the family that had built Kira's mansion, so that he could have access to the blueprints.

Oishi himself began to drink and spend heavily on prostitutes, doing a very convincing imitation of an utterly debased man. When a samurai from Satsuma recognized the drunk Oishi laying in the street, he mocked him and kicked him in the face, a mark of complete contempt.

Oishi divorced his wife and sent her and their younger children away, to protect them. His oldest son chose to stay.

The Ronin Take Revenge:

As snow sifted down on the evening of December 14, 1702, the forty-seven ronin met once more at Honjo, near Edo, prepared for their attack. One young ronin was assigned to go to Aso and tell their tale.

The forty-six first warned Kira's neighbors of their intentions, then surrounded the official's house armed with ladders, battering rams and swords.

Silently, some of the ronin scaled the walls of Kira's mansion, then overpowered and tied up the startled night watchmen. At the drummer's signal, the ronin attacked from the front and rear. Kira's samurai were caught asleep, and rushed out to fight shoeless in the snow.

Kira himself, wearing only undergarments, ran to hide in a storage shed. The ronin searched the house for an hour, finally discovering the official cowering in the shed amongst heaps of coal.

Recognizing him by the scar on his head left by Asano's blow, Oishi dropped to his knees and offered Kira the same wakizashi (short sword) that Asano had used to commit seppuku. He soon realized that Kira did not have the courage to kill himself honorably, however - the official showed no inclination to take the sword, and was shaking in terror. Oishi beheaded Kira.

The ronin reassembled in the mansion's courtyard. All forty-six were alive. They had killed as many as forty of Kira's samurai, at the cost of only four walking wounded.

At daybreak, the ronin walked through town to the Sengakuji Temple, where their lord was buried. The story of their revenge spread through town quickly, and crowds gathered to cheer them along the way.

Oishi rinsed the blood from Kira's head, and presented it at Asano's grave. The forty-six ronin then sat and waited to be arrested.

Hoping for a last-minute reprieve, the four daimyo who had custody of the ronin waited until nightfall, but there would be no pardon. The forty-six ronin, including Oishi and his 16-year-old son, committed seppuku.

The ronin were buried near their master at the Sengkuji Temple in Tokyo. Their graves instantly became a site of pilgrimage for admiring Japanese. One of the first people to visit was the samurai from Satsuma who had kicked Oishi in the street. He apologized, and then killed himself as well.

The fate of the forty-seventh ronin is not entirely clear. Most sources say that when he returned from telling the tale at the ronins' home domain of Aso, the shogun pardoned him due to his youth. He lived to a ripe old age, and then was buried alongside the others.

To help calm public outrage over the sentence handed down to the ronin, the shogun's government returned the title and one-tenth of Asano's lands to his eldest son.

The 47 Ronin in Popular Culture:

During the Tokugawa era, Japan was at peace. Since the samurai were a warrior class with little fighting to do, many Japanese feared that their honor and their spirit were fading away. The story of the Forty-seven Ronin gave people hope that some true samurai remained.

As a result, the story was adapted into countless kabuki plays, bunraku puppet shows, woodblock prints, and later films and television shows. Fictionalized versions of the story are known as Chushingura, and continue to be very popular to this day.

People from all over the world still travel to Sengkuji Temple to see the burial site of Asano and the Forty-seven Ronin. They can also view the original receipt given to the temple by the friends of Kira, when they came to claim his head for burial.

Sources:

De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck and Arthur E. Tiedemann. Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

Ikegami, Eiko. The Taming of the Samurai: Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Marcon, Federico and Henry D. Smith II. "A Chushingura Palimpsest: Young Motoori Norinaga Hears the Story of the Ako Ronin from a Buddhist Priest," Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Winter, 2003) pp. 439-465.

Till, Barry. The 47 Ronin: A Story of Samurai Loyalty and Courage, Beverly Hills: Pomegranate Press, 2005.

*************************************************************************************

In Japan, under the feudal system, a Samurai who had renounced his clan or who had been discharged or ostracized and had become a wanderer without a lord was known as Ronin...

The History of The 47 Ronin

The true story of the 47 ronin (masterless samurai) of the province of Harima is probably the best-known story of the valor and ideals (the Code of Bushido) of Japan's famous samurai warriors. Our tale begins in 1701, a time of relative peace during the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Shogun Tsunayoshi lived and ruled from Edo, while the Emperor, who had little political power, lived in Kyoto. To show respect to the Emperor, Tsunayoshi sent gifts and envoys to Kyoto for the New Year's celebrations, and in return, the Emperor sent his own envoys to Edo in March. To receive the Imperial envoys, Tsunayoshi appointed two young daimyos (feudal provincial lords), Naganori Asano-Takuminokami, The Lord of the Castle of Ako in Harima Province, and Munehare Date, Lord of Sendai to act as hosts during the forthcoming visit of a member of the Imperial Court in Kyoto. Because the daimyos were inexperienced in entertaining high born guests, the Shogun appointed an elderly high official named Yoshinaka Kira-Kozukenosuke to assist them.

Kira, whom history describes as greedy and conceited, became very angry with Lord Asano for not presenting him with expensive gifts (to show appreciation, respect, etc.) and instead of helping Lord Asano became very abusive and insulting towards him. Kira, determined to get even, used every opportunity to publicly humiliate Asano. After two months of abuse, Asano's tolerance was gone.

On March 14, unable to take the insults from Kira anymore, Lord Asano drew his sword (itself a capital offense when done inside Edo Castle) and struck Kira wounding him slightly. For his offense, The Shogun Tsunayoshi ordered Lord Asano to immediately commit seppuku (ritual suicide). Kira, on the other hand, received no punishment; in fact, he became an object of sympathy and was allowed to continue his official duties.

The Shogun's failure to have Kira share in the responsibility angered the followers of Asano, who felt that Kira's improper actions were ignored and Asano's punishment too harsh.

By law, when a samurai lord committed seppuku, his castle was confiscated by the Shogun, his family was disinherited, and his 321 samurai retainers were ordered to disband, thus becoming Ronin or masterless warriors. Asano's samurai were unsure of how to act in the wake of this disaster. Some thought they should refuse to turn over the castle to the Shogun, some thought they should plot revenge and kill Kira, and others thought they should respect the law and surrender peacefully.

Oishi Kuranosuke, Asano's Chief Councilor, listened to the varying opinions and finally decided on a plan. He would petition the Shogun to reestablish the House of Asano with Lord Asano's younger brother, Daigaku, as it's head. If that failed the samurai of Lord Asano would refuse to turn over the castle and defend it to the death.

In the next few days, as the Shogun's agents were on the road enroute to the Ako, all of the Asano samurai which were opposed to the petition deserted the castle, leaving only 60 loyal samurai behind. Before the shogun's men could reach the castle, Daigaku Asano sent a letter to Oishi, asking him to obey the orders of the Shogun and hand the castle over.

Oishi and the 59 other samurai accepted Daigaku's request as binding on them as the word of Lord Asano himself, but before they quit the castle they made plans to avenge their Lord Asano's disgrace by killing Kira, whose un-samurai like character had brought their lord and house to such a tragic end. Only this would restore Asano's rightful honor.

The men split up to conceal their plans from Kira, who naturally suspected that Asano's retainers would try to get revenge against him. Oishi went to Yamashina, a suburb of Kyoto, where he earned a reputation as a drunken gambler, a ruse that successfully deceived the Shogun's police and Kira's many spies.

The Shogun, still concerned that the affair might not be ended, ordered the arrest of Daigaku Asano and sentenced him to confinement in the main villa of the Asano family, thus ending any remaining hope that the House of Asano might be reestablished.

For nearly two years they waited, disguised as merchants, street vendors and even drunks to get information on Kira and to be close to him should an opportunity arise to storm Kira's mansion. Finally, Kira and his allies finally relaxed their suspicions of Oishi and his men.

At a secret meeting, Oishi and the other 59 ronin decided that the time had come to move against Kira. But Oishi would allow only 46 of the men to participate with him in the attempt. He sent the other 13 back home to their families.

One by one Oishi and his men infiltrated Edo, and on a snowy winter night of December 14, 1702 the 47 ronin attacked the mansion of Kira while he was having a tea party. The 47 ronin divided into two bands and stormed the mansion from the front and rear gates. In the great battle that followed, the 47 ronin entered into battle against Kira's 61 armed guards. At the end of the 1 1/2 hour battle, Asano's ronin had either subdued or killed all of Kira's men without any losses of their own.

After a thorough search, Kira was found hiding in an outhouse. The ronin brought Kira to the courtyard and offered him the same chance their Lord Asano was given to honorably commit seppuku. Kira could not commit seppuku, so the ronin beheaded him. Then, to symbolize the completion of their mission, the 47 returned to Asano's grave at Sengaku-ji Temple and set Kira's head before it, thus declaring their Lord's honor redeemed.

Prepared to die for their deed, Oishi sent two delegates to the Magistrate of Edo, informing him of what had been done and telling the official that they would be waiting at the Sengaku-ji Temple, awaiting orders from the Shogun.

The Shogun Tsunayoshi, instead of being angry, was deeply impressed with the loyalty demonstrated by the 47 ronin. This made Tsunayoshi decision all the more difficult. Although clearly sympathetic to their heroic act, he was nonetheless faced with a dilemma. Should he spare the 47 ronin in recognition of their great display of bushido and their defense of their Lord Asano's honor, or should they be punished according to the law. If he overlooked their crime for sentimental reasons would that belittle their honor and weaken the samurai code? After 47 days of deliberation, Tsunayoshi ordered that Oishi and 45 of his men were to execute themselves not as criminals but as honored warriors. The youngest of the ronin, who had been sent to Ako with the news of Kira's death was spared from the sentence.

On February 4, 1703, the 46 ronin were divided into four groups and handed over to four different daimyo, who were ordered to supervise and witness their deaths. Oishi and the other 45 ronin all committed seppuku simultaneously, dignifying themselves in their valiant sacrifice. Upon their deaths, the 46 ronin were buried side by side next to their master at Sengaku-ji Temple.

Today, the memory of the 47 ronin is celebrated in a play called Chusingura which moves the audience to tears and excitement as it develops the theme of the magnificent sacrifice of the 47 ronin. Additionally, each year thousands of Japanese visit the gravesite of the 46 ronin at Sengaku-ji Temple to pay homage to the honor and loyalty of the 47 ronin and their dedication to the code of bushido.

The Origin of the Samurai

2009-12-03T20:55:00.002+07:00

Woodcut Print of "Ronin (Masterless Samurai) Fending Off Arrows" - 1869
Artist- Yoshitoshi Taiso. No known restrictions due to age.

The samurai, a class of highly skilled warriors, gradually developed in Japan after the Taika reforms of 646 A.D. The reforms included land redistribution and heavy new taxes, meant to support an elaborate Chinese-style empire. As a result, many small farmers had to sell their land and work as tenant farmers.

Meanwhile, a few large landholders amassed power and wealth, creating a feudal system similar to medieval Europe's. This top-heavy system proved unwieldy, and crumbled within a few centuries.

As in Europe, the new feudal lords needed warriors to defend their riches. Thus, the samurai warrior (or "bushi") was born.

Early Feudal Era Samurai:

Some samurai were relatives of the landowners, while others were simply hired swords. The samurai code emphasized loyalty to one's master, even over family loyalty. History shows that the most loyal samurai were usually family members or financial dependents of their lords.

In the 900s, the weak emperors of the Heian Dynasty (794-1185) lost control of rural Japan. The country was riven by revolt; the emperor soon wielded power only within the capital. Across the country, the warrior class moved in to fill the power vacuum.

By 1100, the samurai effectively held both military and political power over much of Japan.

End of the Heian Era / Rise of Samurai Rule:

The weak imperial line received a fatal blow to its power in 1156, when Emperor Toba died without a clear successor. His sons, Sutoku and Go-Shirakawa, fought for control in a civil war called the Hogen Rebellion.

In the end, both would-be emperors lost; the imperial office lost all its remaining power.

During this civil war, the Minamoto and Taira samurai clans rose to prominence. They fought one another in the Heiji Rebellion of 1160. After their victory, the Taira established the first samurai-led government, or shogunate, with the emperor as a figurehead.

The defeated Minamoto were banished from the capital at Kyoto.

Kamakura Period :

The two clans fought once more in the Genpei War (1180-1185), which ended in victory for the Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yoritomo established the Kamakura Shogunate, which ruled much of Japan until 1333. While the Kamakura were powerful, they never conquered northern and western areas of the country. The shoguns also faced periodic resistance from other samurai clans.

In 1268, an external threat appeared. Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler of Yuan China, demanded tribute from Japan. Kyoto refused. The Mongols invaded in 1274 with 600 ships, but a typhoon destroyed their armada. A second invasion fleet in 1281 met the same fate.

Fall of the Kamakura / Early Muromachi (Ashikaga) Period:

Despite such incredible help from nature, the Mongol attacks cost the Kamakura dearly.

Unable to offer land or riches to the samurai leaders who rallied to Japan's defense, the weakened shogun faced a challenge from Emperor Go-Daigo in 1318. The emperor was exiled in 1331, but returned and overthrew the Shogunate in 1333.

This Kemmu Restoration of imperial power lasted only three years.

In 1336, the Ashikaga Shogunate under Ashikaga Takauji reasserted samurai rule, but it was weaker than the Kamakura had been. Regional constables called "daimyo" developed considerable power, meddling in the shogunate's succession.

Later Muromachi Period:

By 1460, the daimyo were ignoring orders from the shogun, and backing different successors to the imperial throne. When the shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, resigned in 1464, a dispute between backers of his younger brother and his son ignited even more intense bickering among the daimyo.

In 1467, this squabbling erupted into the decade-long Onin War. Thousands died, and Kyoto was burned to the ground.

The Onin War led directly to Japan's "Warring States Period," or Sengoku. Between 1467 and 1573, various daimyo led their clans in a fight for national dominance. Nearly all of the provinces were engulfed in the fighting.

Azuchi-Momoyama Period / Restoration of Order:

The Warring States Period began to draw to a close in 1568, when the warlord Oda Nobunaga defeated three other powerful daimyo, marched into Kyoto, and had his favorite, Yoshiaki, installed as shogun.

Nobunaga spent the next 14 years subduing other rival daimyo, and quelling rebellions by fractious Buddhist monks.

His grand Azuchi Castle, constructed between 1576 and 1579, became of symbol of Japanese reunification.

In 1582, Nobunaga was assassinated by one of his generals, Akechi Mitsuhide. Hideyoshi, another general, finished the unification and ruled as kampaku (regent).

Hideyoshi invaded Korea in 1592 and 1597.

Tokugawa Shogunate (Edo Period):

Hideyoshi had exiled the large Tokugawa clan from the area around Kyoto to the Kanto region in western Japan. The Taiko died in 1598, and by 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu had conquered the other western daimyo from his castle stronghold at Edo (the future Tokyo).

Ieyasu's son, Hidetada, became shogun of the unified country in 1605, ushering in about 250 years of relative peace and stability for Japan.

The strong Tokugawa shoguns domesticated the samurai, forcing them to either serve their lords in the cities, or give up their swords and farm. This transformed the warriors into a hereditary class of cultured bureaucrats.

Meiji Restoration and the Decline of the Samurai:

In 1868, the Meiji Restoration signaled the beginning of the end for the samurai.

The Meiji system of constitutional monarchy included such democratic reforms as term limits for public office and popular balloting. With public support, the Meiji Emperor did away with the samurai, reduced the power of the daimyo, and moved the capital from Kyoto to Tokyo.

The new government created a conscripted army in 1873; many of the officers were drawn from the ranks of former samurai.

In 1877, angry ex-samurai revolted against the Meiji in the Satsuma Rebellion; they lost the Battle of Shiroyama, and the era of the samurai was over.

The Culture and Myth of the Samurai:

Samurai Culture

The culture of the samurai was grounded in the concept of bushido - "the way of the warrior." The central tenets of bushido are honor and freedom from the fear of death. A samurai was legally entitled to cut down any commoner who failed to honor him (or her) properly. A warrior imbued with bushido spirit would fight fearlessly for his master, and die honorably rather than surrender in defeat.

Out of this disregard for death, the Japanese tradition of seppuku evolved: defeated warriors (and disgraced government officials) would commit suicide with honor by ritually disemboweling themselves with a short sword.

Samurai Weapons

Early samurai were archers, fighting on foot or horseback with extremely long bows (yumi). They used swords mainly for finishing off wounded enemies.

After the Mongol invasions of 1272 and 1281, the samurai began to make more use of swords, as well as poles topped by curved blades called naginata, and spears.

Samurai warriors wore two swords, together called daisho - "long and short." The katana, a curved blade over 24 inches long, was suitable for slashing, while the wakizashi, at 12-24 inches, was used for stabbing. In the late 16th century, non-samurai were forbidden to wear the daisho.

Samurai wore full body-armor in battle, often including a horned helmet.

The Samurai Myth
Modern Japanese honor the memory of the samurai, and bushido still infuses the culture. Today, however, the samurai code is invoked in corporate boardrooms rather than on the battlefield.

Even now, everyone knows the story of the 47 Ronin, Japan's "national legend."

In 1701, the daimyo Asano Naganori drew a dagger in the shogun's palace and tried to kill Kira, a government official. Asano was arrested, and forced to commit seppuku. Two years later, forty-seven of his samurai hunted down Kira and killed him, without knowing Asano's reasons for attacking the official. It was enough that he wanted Kira dead.

Since the ronin had followed bushido, the shogun allowed them to commit seppuku instead of being executed.

People still offer incense at the graves of the ronin, and the story has been made into a number of plays and films.

Sources:

Ansart, Olivier (2007) "Loyalty in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Samurai Discourse," Japanese Studies, 27:2, 139-154.
Collcutt, Martin (1996) "The 'Emergence of the Samurai' and The Military History of Early Japan," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 56:1, 151-164.

Hooker, Richard (1996) "Warring States Japan."

History of the Ninja By Kallie Szczepanski

2009-12-03T20:45:00.004+07:00

Black-clad figures with muffled faces skitter through a courtyard, swarming over walls like spiders and running lightly across rooftops, quick as cats.

An unsuspecting samurai sleeps peacefully as these shadows permanently silence his body guards. The bedroom door slides open without a sound, an up-raised blade glints in the moonlight, and...

This is the ninja of the movies and comic books, the stealthy assassin in black robes with magical abilities in the arts of concealment and murder.

This wraith-like being is very compelling, to be sure. But what is the historical reality behind the popular culture icon of the Ninja?

Origins of the Ninja:

It is difficult to pin down the emergence of the first ninja, more properly called shinobi. After all, people around the world have always used spies and assassins.

Japanese folklore states that the ninja descended from a demon that was half man and half crow. However, it seems more likely that the ninja slowly evolved as an opposing force to their upper-class contemporaries, the samurai, in early feudal Japan.

Most sources indicate that the skills that became ninjutsu, the ninja's art of stealth, began to develop between 600-900 A.D. Prince Shotoku, (574-622), is said to have employed Otomono Sahito as a shinobi spy.

Mainland Influences on the Early Ninja:

By the year 850, the Tang Dynasty in China was in decline. It would fall in 907, plunging China into 50 years of chaos; the collapse prompted some Tang generals to escape over the sea to Japan.

These commanders brought new battle tactics and philosophies of war with them.

Chinese monks also began to arrive in Japan in the 1020s, bringing new medicines and fighting philosophies of their own. Many of the ideas originated in India, and made their way across Tibet and China before turning up in Japan.

The monks taught their methods to Japan's warrior-monks, or yamabushi, as well as to members of the first ninja clans.

The First Known Ninja School:

For a century or more, the blend of Chinese and native tactics that would become ninjutsu developed as a counter-culture, without rules.

It was first formalized by Daisuke Togakure and Kain Doshi.

Daisuke had been a samurai, but he was on the losing side in a regional battle. He lost his lands and his samurai title.

In 1162, Daisuke was wandering the mountains of southwest Honshu when he met Kain Doshi, a Chinese warrior-monk. Daisuke renounced his bushido code, and together the two developed a new theory of guerrilla warfare called ninjutsu.

Daisuke's descendants created the first ninja ryu, or school, the Togakureryu.

Ninjutsu versus Bushido:

Ninjutsu developed as an opposing force to the samurai code of bushido.

Samurai valued loyalty and honor above all else.

Going into battle, a samurai would select a single opponent, announce his challenge, list his family pedigree, and then attack. Samurai wore bright colors on their armor to announce their clan identity.

Bushido was very noble, but it couldn't always get the job done.

That is where ninjutsu came in: the ninja code valued accomplishing a mission by whatever means necessary. Sneak attacks, poison, seduction and spying were all shameful to the samurai, but fair play by the rules of the ninja.

Who Were the Ninja?:

Some of the ninja leaders, or jonin, were disgraced samurai like Daisuke Togakure. They had lost in battle or had been renounced by their daimyo, but fled rather than committing seppuku.

Most ordinary ninja were not from the nobility, though. They were villagers and farmers, who learned to fight by any means necessary for their own self-preservation.

The most famous ninja strongholds were the Iga and Koga Provinces.

Women also served in ninja combat. Female ninja, or kunoichi, infiltrated enemy castles in the guise of dancers, concubines or servants. They were successful spies, and sometimes acted as assassins as well.

Samurai Use of the Ninja:

The samurai lords could not always prevail in open warfare, but they were constrained by bushido. So, they often hired ninja to do their dirty work.

Secrets could be spied out, opponents assassinated, or misinformation planted... without sullying a samurai's honor.

This system also transferred wealth to the lower classes, as ninja were paid handsomely for their work.

Of course, a samurai's enemies could also hire ninja. As a result, the samurai needed, despised, and feared the ninja, in equal measure.

The ninja "high man," or jonin, gave orders to the chunin, "middle man," who passed them on to the genin, ordinary ninja.

Ninja Clothing, Tools and Weapons:

In modern movies and comic books, ninjas are portrayed in all-black clothing, with only their eyes showing.

This costume, however, comes from the kabuki theater.

Actual ninjas wore navy blue for night operations. Usually, however, they dressed to blend in with their targets - as any sensible espionage agent would do.

Ninja tools and weapons included: shinobigatana, medium-length swords; the bo and naginata, war staves and pikes; and martial arts like karate.

Ninja also developed special equipment like the shuko, an iron hand-crampon used for climbing, and the tessen, a sharpened metal fan.

They did not use throwing stars.

Ninja Techniques:

Ninjutsu is practical; if a tactic is effective, then it is acceptable.

The Eight Methods taught in many ryu were: Body skills, karate, spear fighting, staff fighting, blade-throwing, use of fire and water, fortification and strategy, and concealment.

Many ninja weapons were modified from farm sickles, saws for wood cutting, pruning shears, etc. If discovered, these items would not give away a ninja's identity.

Among the ninja were expert poisoners. Poison was added to food, or applied to a dart or blade.

Some ninja disguised themselves as flute-playing mystics. The sturdy flute could be used as a club or blow-dart tube.

The Rise and Fall of the Ninja:

The ninja came into their own during the tumultuous era between 1336 and 1600. In an atmosphere of constant war, ninja skills were essential for all sides.

The Nanbukucho Wars (1336-1392)

For more than 50 years in the 14th century, Japan had two separate imperial courts, which fought for control of the country.

The Northern Court was controlled by the shoguns. The Southern Court belonged to Emperor Go-Daigo, who wanted to rule in his own right.

Ninja played an important role on both sides in this struggle, infiltrating castles as spies, and even burning down the South's Hachiman-yama Fortress.

The Northern Court eventually won, and the puppet-Emperor system was retained.

The Onin War (1467-1477)

About 70 years later, the Onin War broke out. Ninja featured heavily in this conflict, as well.

The war began as a succession fight within the ruling Ashikaga clan, but soon devolved into a nation-wide civil war.

Although the Onin War ended after 10 years, it ushered in a century of turmoil called the Sengoku Jidai, or "Warring States Period" (though it was actually samurai clans fighting, rather than states).

Ninja served a number of purposes during the Sengoku Period (1467-1568). They acted as kancho (spies), koran (agitators), teisatsu (scouts), and kisho (surprise attackers). They were most effective in castle sieges, infiltrating and distracting the defenders inside while the main besieging army attacked from outside.

Destruction of the Ninja Bases (1581)

The ninja were an important tool during the Sengoku Period, but a destabilizing influence. When war-lord Oda Nobunaga emerged as the strongest daimyo and began to reunite Japan (1551-1582), he saw the ninja strongholds at Iga and Koga as a threat.

Nobunaga's lightning-quick attack on Iga forced the ninja to fight open battles; they were defeated and scattered to nearby provinces or the mountains of Kii.

While their power-base was destroyed, the ninja did not vanish entirely. Some went into the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who later became shogun in 1603.

The much-reduced ninja continued to serve both sides in struggles. In one famous incident from 1600, a ninja sneaked through a group of Tokugawa's defenders at Hataya castle, and planted the flag of the besieging army high on the front gate!

Edo and the End

The Edo Period (1603-1868) brought stability and peace to Japan, bringing the ninja story to a close. Ninja skills and legends survived, though, and were embellished to enliven the movies, games and comic books of today.

The Ancient Ankh, Symbol of Life by Taylor Ray Ellison

2009-12-03T20:25:00.002+07:00

The Ankh was, for the ancient Egyptians, the symbol (the actual Hieroglyphic sign) of life but it is an enduring icon that remains with us even today as a Christian cross. It is one of the most potent symbols represented in Egyptian art, often forming a part of decorative motifs.

The ankh seems at least to be an evolved form of, or associated with the Egyptian glyph for magical protection, sa. However, what the sign itself represents is often disputed. For example, Sir Alan Gardiner thought that it showed a sandal strap with the loop at the top forming the strap, but if so, the symbolism is obscure and so his theory has found little real favor early on. However, this interpretation seems to have received some acceptance among modern writers. It would seem that the ancient Egyptians called that part of the sandal 'nkh (exact pronunciation unknown). Because this word was composed of the same consonants as the word "life", the sign to represent that particular part of the sandal, was also used to write the word "life".

18th Dynasty ankh from the reign of Amenhotep II made of WoodAn early Ankh amulet made of Lapis Lazuli

Left: 18th Dynasty ankh from the reign of Amenhotep II made of Wood;

Right: An early Ankh amulet made of Lapis Lazuli

Another theory holds that the ankh was symbolic of the sunrise, with the loop representing the Sun rising above the horizon, which is represented by the crossbar. The vertical section below the crossbar would then be the path of the sun

An Osiris Pillar of Senusret I from the 12th DynastyThe Coffin of Ahmose Nefertari (18th Dynasty) holding on to life

Left: An Osiris Pillar of Senusret I from the 12th Dynasty;

Right: The Coffin of Ahmose Nefertari (18th Dynasty) holding on to life

Wolfhart Westendorf felt it was associated with the tyet emblem, or the "knot of Isis". He thought both were ties for ceremonial girdles. Winfried Barta connected the ankh with the royal cartouche in which the king's name was written, while others have even identified it as a penis sheath. The presence of a design resembling a pubic triangle on one ankh of the New kingdom Covering all the bases with an ankh, djed and was-sceptre as an amulet seems to allow for the idea that the sign may be a specifically sexual symbol. In fact, guides in Egypt today like to tell tourists that the circle at the top represents the female sexual organ, while the stump at the bottom the male organ and the crossed line, the children of the union. However, while this interpretation may have a long tradition, there is no scholarly research that would suggest such an exact meaning.

The ankh, on some temple walls in Upper Egypt, could also symbolize water in rituals of purification. Here, the king would stand between two gods, one of whom was usually Thoth, as they poured over him a stream of libations represented by ankhs.

The ancient gods of Egypt are often depicted as carrying ankh signs. We find Anqet, Ptah, Satet, Sobek, Tefnut, Osiris, Ra, Isis, Hathor, Anibus and many other gods often holding the ankh sign, along with a scepter, and in various tomb and temple reliefs, placing it in front of the king's face to symbolize the breath of eternal life. During the Amarna period, the ankh sign was depicted being offered to Akhenaten and Nefertiti by the hands at the end of the rays descending from the sun disk, Aten. Therefore, the ankh sign is not only a symbol of worldly life, but of life in the netherworld. Therefore, we also find the dead being referred to as ankhu, and a term for a sarcophagus was neb-ankh, meaning possessor of life.

Nefertari receives life from Isis from her tomb in the Valley of the QueensAmenhotep II receives life from Anubis from his tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Left: Nefertari receives life from Isis;

Right: Amenhotep II receives life from Anubis

It is at least interesting that the ankh word was used for mirrors from at least the Middle Kingdom onward, and that indeed, many mirrors were shaped in the form of an ankh sign. Life and death mirror each other, and in any number of ancient religions, mirrors were used for Processions of Gods with ankhs in the Valley of the Kings purposes of divination.

In fact, the ankh sign in ancient Egypt seems to have transcended illiteracy, being comprehensible to even those who could not read. Hence, we even find it as a craftsman's mark on pottery vessels.

As the Christian era eclipsed Egypt's pharaonic pagan religion, the sign was adapted by the Coptic church as their unique form of a cross, known as the crux ansata.

The Ancient Ankh, Symbol of Life

2009-12-03T20:25:00.000+07:00

Rahasia Menghitung Cepat Perkalian Dua Digit Angka [3 Detik]

2009-08-23T09:35:00.006+07:00

Berikut ini merupakan rahasia trick perkalian dua digit angka (contoh : 19 x 14 = ??), dengan menggunakan trik ini maka Anda dapat menegtahui hasil dari perkalian tersebut kuran lebih tiga detik. Mulai dari sekarang perkalian dua digit angka akan menjadi sangat mudah bagi Anda..tutorial berikut ini akan disertai dengan gambar – gambar sehingga Anda dapat dengan mudah untuk memahaminya..

Berikut ini tricknya :
Misal perkalian 13 X 12 = ?
Penyelesaianya :
1. Jumlahkan angka 2 + 13 = 15

2. itu merupakan 2 digit jawaban akhir yakni 15
3. langkah berikutnya adalah, kalikan angka 3 x 2 = 6

4. jadi hasil totalnya 156, silahkan di cek menggunakan kalkulator…

5. Berikut ini contoh lain dengan dua digit angka kecil yang sama 13 X 13 = ?

Berikut ini jika anka perkalian digit kedua lebih besar dari 10, perhatikan baik – baik, misal 16 X 12 = ?

1.Lakukan seperti biasa yakni 2 + 16 = 18

2. kemudian kalikan angka 6 X 2 = 12 , angka 12 merupakan 2 digit angka sedangkan setelah angka 18 Cuma ada sisa 1 digit angka yang bisa di masukan..tulis angka 12, dimana angka 1 ada di atas angka 8 dan angka 2 di samping angka 8, seperti gambar berikut..

3. Sehingga hasil akhirnya adalah 192.

Berikut ini contoh terakhir, misal 18 X 14 = ? , silahkan cerna gambar berikut :

STIAP perkalian 11
cukup nambah....

(terserah 1 sampe 99) untuk di kali 11
exp → 23 x 11

CUKUP di tambah 2 + 3 = 5
nt masukin di tengahnya biar adem tuh 5
hasil → 253

hehe...
liat hasil calculator pasti 235

Sumber : http://20e50caf.linkbucks.com/url/http://apocalytyo.blogspot.com/2009/08/rahasia-menghitung-cepat-perkalian-dua.html

10 Mysterious People

2009-08-13T08:41:00.014+07:00

1. Green Children of Woolpit

The Green Children of Woolpit were two children who appeared in the village of Woolpit in Suffolk, UK, in the 12th century. The children were brother and sister and they had green colored skin. Their appearance was normal in all other areas. They spoke an unrecognized language and refused to eat anything other than pitch from bean pods. Eventually their skin lost its green color. When they learned English they explained that they were from the ‘Land of St Martin’ which was a dark place because the sun never rose far above the horizon. They claimed that they were tending their father’s herd and followed a river of light when they heard the sounds of bells – finding themselves in Woolpit.

Some of the more unusual theories proposed for the origin of the children are that they were Hollow Earth children, parallel dimension children, or Extraterrestrial children.

Adalah dua orang anak yang secara misterius muncul di desa Woolpit di Suffolk, Inggris pada abad ke-12. Kedua anak tersebut bersaudara, dan mempunyai kulit yang berwarna hijau (Hulk ???). Selain kulitnya yang hijau, kedua anak tersebut mempunyai penampilan yang normal seperti manusia kebanyakan. Mereka berbicara dalam bahasa aneh yang tidak dikenali dan tidak mau makan apapun kecuali kacang polong.

Setelah lama kelamaan, kulit kedua anak tersebut kehilangan warna hijaunya dan menjadi warna normal seperti warna kulit manusia pada umumnya. Setelah mempelajari Bahasa Inggris, keduanya menjelaskan bahwa mereka berasal dari suatu desa bernama “St. Martin” yang merupakan tempat yang gelap karena matahari tidak bersinar di sana. Ketika sedang menggembala ternak milik ayah mereka, mereka menemukan sebuah sungai dari cahaya dan mengikutinya, sampai tiba-tiba mereka telah berada di Woolpit. Beberapa teori menyatakan bahwa kedua anak tersebut adalah anak dari dimensi lain, atau alien dari luar angkasa.

2. Gil Pérez

Gil Perez was a Spanish soldier who suddenly appeared in Mexico City on October 26, 1593. He was wearing the uniform of the guards of the Del Gobernador Palace in the Philippines. He claimed to have no idea how he had managed to appear in Mexico. He stated that moments before finding himself there, he had been on sentry duty in Manila at the governor’s Palace. He told them that the governor (Don Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas) had just been assassinated.

Two months later, news arrived from the Philippines by ship. They carried news that confirmed that the governor had been killed and they verified other aspects of Perez’s story. Witnesses confirmed that Perez had indeed been on duty in Manila just before arriving in Mexico. In addition, one of the passengers on the ship recognized Perez and swore that he had seen him in the Philippines on October 23. Perez eventually returned to the Philippines and resumed his life – which was uneventful until his death.
Gil Perez adalah seorang tentara Spanyol yang secara tiba-tiba muncul di Meksiko pada 26 Oktober 1593. Ia mengenakan seragam penjaga Istana Del Gobernador di Filipina. Ia mengklaim bahwa ia sama sekali tidak mengetahui bagaimana caranya tiba-tiba dia berada di Meksiko (hmm… mungkin dia adalah Jumper yang pertama di dunia =P ). Ia mengatakan, sebelum tiba-tiba berada di Meksiko, ia sedang bertugas di Istana Del Gobernador dan mengatakan bahwa Gubernur Filipina saat itu, Don Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas baru saja dibunuh.

Dua bulan kemudian, sebuah kapal datang dari Filipina ke Meksiko membawa beberapa penumpang. Para penumpang tersebut membenarkan Cerita dari Gil Perez bahwa Gubernur Filipina memang baru saja terbunuh. Bahkan salah seorang penumpang. Salah seorang penumpang kapal bahkan menyatakan bahwa Ia mengenali Perez dan melihatnya di Filipina pada 23 Oktober (O_o). Setelah itu, Perez kemudian kembali ke Filipina dan melanjutkan hidupnya di sana sampai akhir hayatnya.

3. Man in the Iron Mask

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The Man in the Iron Mask (died November 1703) was a prisoner held in a number of Jails (including the Bastille) during the reign of King Louis XIV of France. The true identity of the man is unknown because no one ever saw his face which was hidden by a black velvet mask. Fictional retellings of the story refer to the mask as an “Iron” mask. The first records that mention the prisoner are from 1669 when Louis XIV’s minister placed the prisoner in the care of the governor of the prison of Pignerol.

According to the letter that accompanied him, the man’s name was Eustache Dauger. The letter instructed the governor to prepare a cell with multiple doors – to prevent anyone outside from listening in. The prisoner was told that if he spoke to anyone of anything other than his immediate needs, he would be killed. The Governor was the only person who was to see the prisoner, and he provided him with his daily food. When the prisoner died, all of his belongings were destroyed. To this day, no one knows who he was.

Bukan, kita tidak sedang membicarakan Leonardo Di Caprio atau film Man In The Iron Mask yang dimainkan olehnya. Ternyata film tersebut terinspirasi dari seorang tokoh misterius di Perancis.

Man In The Iron Mask (Meninggal November 1973) adalah tahanan yang dikurung di sejumlah penjara di Perancis (termasuk penjara legendaris, Bastille) pada masa pemerintahan Raja Louis XIV. Identitas pria ini tidak pernah diketahui karena tidak ada yang pernah melihat wajahnya yang disembunyikan dalam sebuah topeng kulit berwarna coklat. Sekarang kita tahu, bahwa sejak jaman dahulu, orang suka membesar-besarkan cerita karena pada kisah-kisah yang beredar, diceritakan bahwa topeng tersebut terbuat dari baja yang menjadi awal nama julukan yang diberikan kepadanya.

Menurut surat yang diberikan kepada kepala Penjara di Pignerol (Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars) tempat pertama pria tersebut dipenjarakan, nama pria tersebut adalah Eustache Dauger. Dalam surat itu juga diinstruksikan agar disiapkan sebuah sel yang dilapisi dengan beberapa pintu (untuk mencegah orang dari luar mendengar suara dari dalam sel). Selain itu, juga dikatakan bahwa bila pria tersebut berbicara kepada orang lain selain untuk hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan pribadinya (contoh: “sipir.. saya mau be’ol..!!” =P ), dia akan dibunuh seketika. Hingga saat ini tidak ada yang tahu siapa identitas sebenarnya dari pria ini tapi ada beberapa rumor yang mengatakan bahwa Ia adalah saudara dari Louis XIV, Putra dari Raja Charles II, Diplomat dari Italia, dan lain-lain.

4. Comte St Germain style="font-style:italic;">

The Count of St. Germain (allegedly died February 27, 1784) was a courtier, adventurer, inventor, amateur scientist, violinist, amateur composer, and a mysterious gentleman; he also displayed some skills associated with the practice of alchemy. He was known as ‘Der Wundermann’ — ‘The Wonderman’. He was a man whose origin was unknown and who disappeared without leaving a trace. In 1745, Horace Walpole wrote of him:

…the other day they seized an odd man, who goes by the name of Count St. Germain. He has been here these two years, and will not tell who he is, or whence, but professes that he does not go by his right name. He sings, plays on the violin wonderfully, composes, is mad, and not very sensible. He is called an Italian, a Spaniard, a Pole; a somebody that married a great fortune in Mexico, and ran away with her jewels to Constantinople; a priest, a fiddler, a vast nobleman. The Prince of Wales has had unsatiated curiosity about him, but in vain. However, nothing has been made out against him; he is released; and, what convinces me that he is not a gentleman, stays here, and talks of his being taken up for a spy.

Since his death, various occult organizations have adopted him as a model figure or even as a powerful deity. In recent years several people have claimed to be the Count of St. Germain.

Count of St. Germain, yang diduga meninggal dunia pada 27 Februari 1784 adalah seorang bangsawan, petualang, peneliti amatir, pemain biola, komposer, dan seorang yang misterius. Dia juga menunjukkan beberapa keahlian yang berhubungan dengan ilmu kimia. Mitos, legenda dan spekulasi tentang St. Germain terus berkembang pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 dan berlanjut hingga saat ini. Di antaranya terdapat kepercayaan bahwa St. Germain adalah seorang yang immortal (hidup abadi), seorang ahli kimia yang mempunyai “Elixir of Life” (Cairan Keabadian), dan telah meramalkan terjadinya Revolusi Perancis.

Semenjak kematiannya, banyak organisasi Okultisme yang menjadikannya sebagai tokoh panutan yang dihormati, bahkan ada yang menyembah dirinya. Tidak sedikit pula yang mengaku-ngaku sebagai St. Germain atau merupakan jelmaan dari St. Germain.

5. D. B. Cooper

D. B. Cooper (aka “Dan Cooper”) is a pseudonym given to a notorious aircraft hijacker who, on November 24, 1971, after receiving a ransom payout of $200,000, leapt from the back of a Boeing 727 as it was flying over the Pacific Northwest somewhere over the southern Cascades.

Cooper has not been seen since and it is not known whether he survived the jump. In 1980, an eight year old boy found $5,800 of soggy $20 bills washed up on the banks of the Columbia river. The serial numbers matched those of the ransom money which had been noted to make it easier to track Cooper later.

Cooper escaped from the plane by jumping off the rear airstair with a parachute leading aviation authorities to add stricter measures about the design of planes to prevent it from happening again. In addition, this event caused airports to install metal detectors for the first time.

D.B. Cooper alias Dan Cooper adalah nama samaran yang digunakan oleh seorang pembajak pesawat terkenal dan misterius yang pada 24 November 1971, setelah menerima uang tebusan sebesar $200,000, terjun dari bagian belakang pesawat Boeing 727 yang dibajaknya. Pada aksi pembajakannya, Cooper membawa sebuah tas berisi bom dan mengancam akan meledakkannya, bila ia tidak diberikan uang sejumlah $200,000 dan 2 set parasut.

Cooper tidak terlihat sejak saat itu dan tidak diketahui apakah dia berhasil selamat dari penerjunannya. Pada tahun 1980, seorang anak kecil berumur 8 tahun menemukan uang sebanyak $5,800 dollar dalam pecahan $20 di tepi sungai Columbia di Amerika Serikat. Kode seri uang yang ditemukan tersebut sama dengan uang yang diberikan pada Cooper sebagai uang tebusannya.

Pelarian Cooper dari bagian belakang pesawat dengan menggunakan parasut, menyebabkan airport-airport mulai menggunakan metal detector untuk mencegah hal yang sama terulang kembali.

6. Fulcanelli

Fulcanelli (1839 – ?1953) is a pseudonym of a late 19th century French Alchemist and author whose identity is still unknown. Much mystery surrounds his life and works – leading to him being branded a cultural phenomenon. One of the more extravagant tales retells how his devoted pupil (Eugene Canseliet – pictured above) successfully transformed 100 grams of lead in to gold with the use of a small quantity of “Projection Powder” given to him by his teacher.

It is believed that on the verge of World War II, the Abwehr (German intelligence service) was in active (but fruitless) pursuit of Fulcanelli because of his knowledge of the technology of nuclear weapons. Fulcanelli had met with a French atomic physicist and given him accurate details regarding nuclear weapons technology and he claimed that atomic weaponry had been used against humanity in time long past.

“According to Canseliet (Fulcanelli’s student), his last encounter with Fulcanelli happened in 1953 (years after his disappearance), when he went to Spain and was taken to a castle high in the mountains for a rendezvous with his former master. Canseliet had known Fulcanelli as an old man in his 80s but now the Master had grown younger: he was a man in his 50s. The reunion was brief and Fulcanelli once again disappeared leaving no trace of his whereabouts. At this time, Fulcanelli would have been 114 years old.”

Fulcanelli adalah nama samaran ahli kimia dari Perancis di akhir abad 19 yang identitasnya masih belum diketahui. Banyak misteri yang menyelubungi dirinya, namun salah satu rumor yang paling terkenal adalah cerita yang menyatakan bagaimana murid kesayangannya (Eugene Canseliet) berhasil mengubah 100 gram timah menjadi emas dengan menggunakan sedikit bubuk yang diberikan kepadanya oleh Fulcanelli.

Dipercaya bahwa pada masa Perang Dunia II intelijen Jerman gencar melakukan pencarian untuk menemukan Fulcanelli karena pengetahuannya dalam bidang senjata nuklir. Fulcanelli pernah menemui seorang pakar atom dari Perancis dan memberikan informasi detail yang berhubungan dengan teknologi nuklir dan mengklaim bahwa senjata atom telah digunakan oleh manusia sejak bertahun-tahun yang lampau.

Menurut Canseliet (murid Fulcanelli), pertemuan terakhirnya dengan Fulcanelli adalah pada tahun 1953 di Spanyol. Pada saat pertemuan itu, Fulcanelli yang seharusnya berumur 80 tahun bertumbuh lebih muda, dan tampak seperti pria berumur 50 tahun (O_o). Pertemuan itu sendiri cukup singkat, lalu Fulcanelli kembali menghilang dari publik untuk selamanya.

7. Kaspar Hauser

On May 26, 1828 a teenage boy appeared in the streets of Nuremberg, Germany. He carried a letter with him which was addressed to a captain of 6th cavalry regiment. The anonymous author said that the boy was given into his custody, as an infant, on the 7th October 1812, and that he had never let him “take a single step out of my house”. Now the boy would like to be a cavalryman, thus the captain should take him in or hang him. Hauser claimed that he had, for as long as he could think back, spent his life always totally alone in a darkened 2×1×1.5 metre cell (little more than the size of a one-person bed in area) with only a straw bed to sleep on and a horse carved out of wood for a toy. Hauser claimed that the first human being he ever had had contact with had been a mysterious man who had visited him not long before his release, always taking great care not to reveal his face to him. According to contemporary rumors – probably current as early as 1829 – Kaspar Hauser was the hereditary prince of Baden that was born on September 29, 1812 and had died within a month. It was claimed that this prince had been switched with a dying baby, and had indeed appeared 16 years later as “Kaspar Hauser” in Nuremberg. Hauser died after receiving a stab wound to the chest which was possible self-inflicted. He claimed he had been stabbed by the man who had kept him as an infant.

In 2002, the University of Münster analyzed hair and body cells from locks of hair and items of clothing that were alleged to belong to Kaspar Hauser. The DNA samples were compared to a DNA segment of Astrid von Medinger, a descendant in the female line of Stéphanie de Beauharnais, who would have been Kaspar Hauser’s mother if indeed he had been the hereditary prince of Baden. The sequences were not identical but the deviation observed is not large enough to exclude a relationship, as it could be caused by a mutation.

Pada 26 Mei 1828, seorang remaja terlihat di jalan di Nuremberg, Jerman. Ia membawa sebuah surat yang ditujukan bagi Kapten Resimen Kavalry ke-6 Jerman. Penulis surat misterius yang dibawa oleh Hauser menyatakan bahwa anak tersebut diberikan kepadanya untuk ditahan sejak ia masih bayi, pada 7 Oktober 1812, dan sejak saat itu anak tersebut dikurung di rumah pria tersebut. Hauser mengklaim bahwa sejak ia dapat mengingat sesuatu, ia telah dikurung sendirian di dalam ruangan gelap berukuran 2×1x1.5 meter dengan ranjang dari jerami sebagai tempat tidur dan kuda-kudaan kayu yang diukir dengan tangan sebagai mainannya. Hauser juga mengklaim bahwa orang pertama yang berinteraksi dengannya adalah pria misterius yang mengunjunginya beberapa saat sebelum ia dibebaskan, yang selalu berhati-hati agar wajahnya tidak terlihat oleh Hauser.

Menurut rumor, Hauser adalah Pangeran dari Baden yang dilahirkan pada 29 September 1812 dan meninggal sebulan kemudian. Dirumorkan bahwa Pangeran tersebut ditukar dengan bayi sekarat, sedangkan pangeran yang Asli adalah Hauser yang muncul 16 tahun kemudian di Nuremberg. Pada tahun 2002, University of Munster melakukan analisa DNA yang membandingkan DNA Hauser dan Stephanie de Beauharnais yang dirumorkan sebagai Ibu dari Hauser (Ratu dari Baden). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekuens DNA tidak identik tapi deviasi yang ditunjukkan tidak terlalu jauh sehingga tidak dapat disimpulkan bahwa keduanya sama sekali tidak mempunyai hubungan darah.

8. Babushka Lady

During the analysis of the film footage of the assasination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, a mysterious woman was spotted. She was wearing a brown overcoat and a scarf on her head (the scarf is the reason for her name as she wore it in a similar style to Russian grandmothers – also called babushkas). The woman appeared to be holding something in front of her face which is believed to be a camera. She appears in many photos of the scene. Even after the shooting when most people had fled the area, she remained in place and continued to film. Shortly after she is seen moving away to the East up Elm Street. The FBI publically requested that the woman come forward and give them the footage she shot but she never did.

In 1970 a woman called Beverly Oliver came forward and claimed to be the Babushka Woman, though her story contains many inconsistencies. She is generally regarded as a fraud. To this day, no one knows who the Babushka Woman is or what she was doing there. More unusual is her refusal to come forward to offer her evidence.

Babushka Lady adalah nama julukan yang diberikan kepada sosok wanita misterius yang terlihat ketika terjadinya pembunuhan presiden Amerika Serikat, John F. Kennedy. Wanita tersebut terlihat memakai jas panjang berwarna coklat, dan scarf di kepala, seperti yang biasa dipakai oleh para wanita lanjut usia di Russia. Scarf tersebutlah yang menjadi awal julukan babushka yang dilekatkan kepadanya (babushka merupakan bahasa Russia untuk nenek atau wanita lanjut usia). Wanita tersebut terlihat memegang sesuatu di depan wajahnya, yang diyakini merupakan kamera. Dia terlihat di beberapa foto yang mengabadikan lokasi kejadian pembunuhan tersebut. Bahkan setelah keramaian telah berakhir, ia masih terlihat di sana dan memotret dengan kameranya. Beberapa saat kemudian, FBI meminta melalui pengumuman publik agar Babushka Lady menyerahkan hasil jepretan kameranya (mungkin untuk keperluan penyelidikan), namun ia tidak pernah muncul lagi ke depan umum.

Pada tahun 1970, seorang wanita bernama Beverly Oliver, mengaku sebagai Babushka Lady. Namun karena ceritanya mengandung banyak kejanggalan dan inkonsistensi, ia dipercaya sebagai sosok palsu yang ingin numpang tenar =P Hingga saat ini tidak ada yang tahu siapa sosok Babushka Lady yang sebenarnya, apa yang ia lakukan di tempat kejadian pembunuhan dan alasan ia tidak mau menyerahkan hasil jepretan kameranya.

9. The Poe Toaster

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The Poe Toaster is the nickname given to a mysterious man who pays annual tribute to Poe by visiting his grave every year. The strange tradition started in 1949 – a century are after Poe’s death, and it occurs every year on the author’s birthday (January 19). According to Wikipedia: “In the early hours of the morning on that date, a black-clad figure, presumed to be male, with a silver-tipped cane enters the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground in Baltimore, Maryland. The individual proceeds to Poe’s grave, where he or she raises a cognac toast. Before departing, the Toaster leaves three red roses and a half-bottle of cognac on the grave.”

The Toaster wears a black hat and coat and hides his face with a hood or scarf. Groups of reporters and admirers are often on hand to watch the event. There have been no attempts to interfere with the Toaster or to unmask him – most likely out of respect for the tradition.

The Poe Toaster (Orang yang bersulang dengan Poe) adalah julukan yang diberikan kepada sosok misterius yang memberikan penghormatan kepada penulis ternama dari Amerika, Edgar Allan Poe dengan cara mengunjungi makamnya, setiap tahun, di hari ultah Poe (19 Januari). Tradisi penghormatan tersebut dimulai sejak tahun 1949, satu abad setelah kematian Edgar Allan Poe (1849).

Setiap pagi di tanggal 19 Januari, sesosok dengan pakaian awut-awutan berwarna gelap mengunjungi makam Poe di Baltimore, Maryland. Sosok tersebut lalu mengangkat segelas cognac untuk melakukan toast (bersulang). Sebelum meninggalkan makam, ia meletakkan 3 tangkai mawar merah, dan botol cognac yang tinggal terisi separuhnya di makam poe. 3 tangkai mawar dipercaya merupakan perlambang penghormatan untuk Poe, Virginia (Istri Poe) dan Maria Clemm (Mertua Poe) yang dikuburkan dalam makam yang sama. Sedangkan maksud dari setengah botol cognac sendiri masih tidak diketahui. Tradisi yang dilakukan oleh Poe Toaster ini masih dilanjutkan sampai sekarang, namun dipercaya bahwa sudah tidak dilakukan oleh orang yang sama (mungkin diwariskan kepada keturunan Poe Toaster yang asli).

10. Monsieur Chouchani

Monsieur Chouchani (died 1968) is the nickname of an anonymous and mysterious Jewish teacher who taught a number of highly regarded students including Emmanual Levinas (pictured above) and Elie Wiesel in Europe after World War II. Very little is known about Chouchani, including his real name. His origins and entire life history were kept a closely guarded secret. His gravestone in Montevideo, Uraguay where he died reads: “The wise Rabbi Chouchani of blessed memory. His birth and his life are sealed in enigma.” The text was written by Elie Wiesel who also paid for the gravestone.

There is no known body of work by Chouchani himself, but he left a very strong intellectual legacy via his students. Chouchani dressed like a vagabond but was a master of vast areas of human knowledge, including science, mathematics, philosophy and especially the Talmud. Most of the details of his life that are known come from the writings and interviews with his students.

Monsieur Chouchani (meninggal pada tahun 1968) adalah nickname atau nama julukan yang diberikan pada sosok pengajar Yahudi yang mengajar beberapa siswa di Eropa setelah Perang Dunia ke-2. Kebanyakan siswanya kemudian berhasil menjadi tokoh ternama, diantaranya adalah Emanuel Levinas (Filsuf dari Perancis, foto seperti terlihat di atas), dan Elie Wiesel (Penulis Yahudi, Peraih nobel perdamaian pada tahun 1986). Sangat sedikit yang diketahui tentang Chouchani, termasuk siapakah nama sebenarnya juga masih misterius.

Tidak ada hasil karya fisik (seperti tulisan, publikasi, buku, dll) dari Chouchani, tapi ia meninggalkan warisan intelektual yang sangat luar biasa melalui murid-muridnya. Chouchani merupakan sosok nyentrik, berpenampilan seperti gelandangan, namun memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat luas di antaranya di bidang science, matematika, filosofi dan khususnya Talmud. Pada umumnya, detail mengenai kehidupan Chouchani didapatkan melalui tulisan dan hasil wawancara dengan murid-muridnya.

Takeshi Yamada, Penemu 10 makhluk aneh di Dunia

2009-06-30T11:59:00.013+07:00

Dr Takeshi Yamada, peneliti asal Jepang, menemukan 10 makhluk aneh yang mengegerkan dunia ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satunya adalah monyet vampire di China . Seperti yang kita ketahui tentang vampire, maka hidup monyet vampire ini tergantung dari menghisap darah makhluk lain.

This might be the mysterious animal in nowadays, all of them was discovered by a Japanese researcher named Dr. Takeshi yamada. all of this species was never seen before..

Dr takeshi yamada was a researcher from japan, he discovered 10 mysterious creature that shocked the science world, one of them was a vampire monkey in china, like we know about vampire, this vampire monkey life was depends on the blood, vampire monkey suck the blood from another animal

Uniknya makhluk ini dalam beraktivitas banyak menggunakan tangannya, seperti halnya manusia. Spesies ini diyakin sebagai mata rantai yang putus dari evolusi manusia hingga berbentuk seperti sekarang. Keunikan lainnya, monyet ini seperti burung yang menenun sarangnya.

Vampire Monkey on his daily lives mostly use his hands like the human does. this species was thought as one of the lost chain of human evolution until now. another uniqueness of this vampire monkey was this monkey make the nest like a bird...

Photo for Vampire monkey

Penemuan Dr Takeshi Yamada yang menghebohkan lainnya adalah keong raksasa yang ditemukan dari laut terdalam. Kakinya seperti chupacabra, karena itu diberi nama siput chupacabras.

another discovery of Dr.Takeshi Yamada that shocks the world was Chupacabras Snail, it is a huge snail which is found from the deepest sea. this creature has a foot like Chupacabra so that the suitable name given to it was Chupacabras Snail.

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Penemuan lainnya adalah siput pemakan daging terbesar di dunia ini, ditemukan awal tahun 2007. Siput ini juga punya senjata racun yang konon sangat mematikan.

Another discovery was the biggest carnivore snail which was founded in 2007, this snail has a deadly poison weapon.

Photo for siput pemakan daging

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Yang tak kalah mengerikan adalah blue merman yang ditemukan di Pulau Sado. Mirip spesies kadal atau bunglon. Makhluk ini juga berbahaya pada tangan-tangannya yang bisa mengembang. Bila usianya semakin bertambah, bintang ini akan terlihat mirip kodok.

Another weird and mysterious creature that found by dr.takeshi yamada was Blue Merman. It was found on Sado Island, this creature looks like lizard species. this creature was so dangerous.. if the age was gotten older this animal will looks like a frog.

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Mumi bayi berwajah dua ini kini berada di museum kedokteran di Coney Island Hospital.

Two Headed Baby now was kept in the Coney Island Hospital Museum.

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Disebut naga laut raksasa ditemukan di dasar laut Pulau Awaji. Makhluk ini diduga telah punah pada awal abad ke-20.

Giant Sea Dragon, it was found in the Awaji island deepest sea, Giant sea dragon met their extinction on the first of 20 century.

Prehistoric Horseshoe Crabs

Dua spesies baru kepiting ladam, diduga hidup masa masa pra sejarah sekitar 400 juta tahun lalu. Baru baru ini kepiting purba ini ditangkap oleh tim peneliti dasar laut dari Universitas Higashi Osaka Jepang. Masih ada empat species kepiting purba yang diindetifikasi hidup 250 juta tahun lalu.

Two new species of horseshoe crabs identical to those lived 400 million years ago recently captured by the deep see scientific submarine Voyager of University of Higashi Osaka in Japan. Today's remaining four species of horseshoe crabs are identical to those lived 250 million years ago.

Photo for Human-Faced Ant

Penemuan kali ini tak kalah aneh, semut berwajah manusia. Dalam mitologi India dipercaya orang bertabiat buruk akan bereinkarnasi menjadi semut. Ada banyak semut-semut berwajah manusia yang ditemukan di India , melebihi di negara manapun. Salah satu contohnya adalah yang dimiliki dr Takeshi Yamada yang merupakan hasil ekspedisi tahun 2004. Coney Island Anthropoliogical Institute juga memiliki koleksi ini.

The Indian mythology tells that bad rulers are believed to be reincarnated into ants. Many human-faced ants are found in India more than any countries. This specimen was collected by Dr. Takeshi Yamada during his expedition in 2004. Collection: Coney Island Anthropological Institute.

St. Helena Giant Earwig

Makhluk yang berasal dari St Helena ini, diduga telah punah pada beberapa decade yang lalu diduga karena pembangunan pelabuhan udara internasional di sana . Himpunan ilmuwan dan pemerhati entomologists melakukan protes dalam beberapa tahun terakhir yang menyebabkan punahnya spesies ini. Penelitian yang dipimpin Dr Takeshi Yamada pada 2005 menemukan beberapa spesies baru earwigs raksasa. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari program yang dilakukan di Coney Island University .

This animal is believed to be extinct at St. Helena only a few decades ago. The development of the international airport in the habitat of this arthropod produced massive protests by the science community and many entomologists rushed into there in the last few years. An expedition led by Dr. Takeshi Yamada in 2005 produced discovery of several new species of giant earwigs, that led to the laboratory breeding programs at the Coney Island University.

Fiji Mermaid

Fiji Mermaid sepanjang 6 kaki mirip putri duyung ditemukan di Shikoku , Jepang. Disebut Ningyo Shinko. Banyak tempat keramat agama Shinto dan kuil Budha mengabadikan mermaid ini sebagai makhluk suci.Orang datang untuk bersembahyang di tempat2 ini setiap hari.

This mummified 6-feet mermaid carcass was from Shikoku, Japan. They consider mermaid as the main-stream religious deity, which is called Ningyo Shinko or mermaid religion. Many Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples enshrine mummified mermaids there for people to worship even today.

HIS GONE....BUT HIS ALWAYS IN MY MIND

2009-06-26T09:34:00.002+07:00

Good Bye Jacko..... You always in my mind.